Mechanical and environmental performance of asphalt concrete with high amounts of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) for use in Surface courses of pavements

• Published in: Sustainability
• Main Authors: Martinho, Fernando C. G., Silva, Hugo M. R. D., Oliveira, Joel R. M., Moura, Caroline Fernandes Nunes, Loureiro, Carlos Daniel Aleixo, Silvestre, José D., Rodrigues, Mafalda M. M.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2024
• Subjects: Asphalt concrete; Environmental product declaration; Life cycle assessment; Marshall test; Permanent deformation resistance; Recycled concrete aggregate; Water sensitivity; Iceland
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/1822/89435; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010248

Using aggregates from alternative sources has been considerably encouraged in recent decades. Reducing the consumption of natural aggregates from quarries (which have a substantial economic, visual, and environmental impact) is increasingly a concern. These needs have led to the broader use of more sustainable aggregates, increasing the incorporation percentages and extending their use to more demanding pavement layers (e.g., surface). In order to prove the efficiency of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) under such conditions, the “CirMat” project was developed. Among other works and tests, an asphalt concrete (AC) incorporating 52.3% RCA was characterized mechanically and environmentally. Empirical properties were evaluated, including the Marshall test (S = 20.2 kN; F = 2.9 mm) and resistance to permanent deformation (WTS = 0.10 mm/103 cycles), as well as a life cycle assessment (LCA), which confirmed that nine indicators were improved (from 1% to 93%). The test samples were taken from mixtures produced in the laboratory and at a plant (after which they were applied on a construction site). Comparing the results with those obtained in a reference AC (with natural aggregates), it was possible to conclude that the performance of the AC with RCAs was very similar. Therefore, the use of these aggregates, at high rates, does not represent additional risks for asphalt mixtures and has lower environmental impacts in most categories. This research was funded by the “Environment, Climate Change and Low Carbon Economy Programme—Environment Programme” (EEA financial mechanism 2014–2021) through the Funding Mechanism Commission established by Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Portugal, under the scope of project “CirMat—CIRcular aggregates for sustainable road and building MATerials” (Project 16 Call#2). This study was also supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the PhD grants number 2021.06428.BD and 2021.08004.BD. This work was also partly financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) ...