Dokazovanje dopinga v atletiki v civilnem sodnem postopku

• Main Author: Pahor, Alja
• Other Authors: Rijavec, Vesna
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: A. Pahor 2016
• Subjects: doping; dokazovanje dopinga; WADA; prepovedane snovi; terapevtske izjeme; objektivna odgovornost; reševanje sporov; CAS; proof of doping; prohibited substances; therapeutic use exceptions; strict liability; settlement of disputes; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/347.94(043.2); sami
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=62191; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=99711&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=5309995&fmt=11

Pravijo, da je šport star toliko, kot je stara človekova igra. Zdi se, da ima šport, pa ne mislimo samo tistega olimpijskega, z vrhunskimi rezultati, temveč tudi rekreativnega, športa za vse, vedno večji pomen v družbi sami kot tudi globalno. Šport še zdaleč ni več le povezovanje različnih ljudi, vseh ras in narodnosti. Vrhunski šport je skozi leta postal posel, zelo dobičkonosen posel. Vendar ima vsaka dobra stvar tudi temno plat medalje. Tako kot so se razvijali naši športniki, športne discipline, različne dejavnosti, tako je bila oz. je vedno večja želja po zmagi. Skupaj s športom je napredovala tudi medicina in skupaj z njo različni pripomočki in snovi, ki naj bi ''pomagali'' športnikom, da so najboljši. In tako se je pričel problem dopinga. Mednarodni olimpijski komite (MOK) je določil, da se z olimpijskimi igrami v Mehiki začne resnejši boj proti nedovoljenim substancam v športu. Boj proti dopingu je že od vsega začetka potekal na dveh ravneh: znotraj avtonomnih športnih organizacij in na državnih ter meddržavnih ravneh (preko javnopravnih subjektov). Kasneje se je področje dopinga na mednarodni ravni kar precej poenotilo z ustanovitvijo Svetovne protidopinške organizacije WADA, kot institucije za boj proti dopingu v okviru MOK-a ter s sprejetjem Svetovnega protidopinškega kodeksa WADC. WADC dopinga ne opredeljuje z eno in enotno definicijo, vendar ga opisuje kot kršitev ene izmed pojavnih oblik dopinga. Lahko bi rekli, da je WADA s sprejetjem WADC napovedala sodobni boj proti dopingu v športu. WADC se sklicuje na objektivno odgovornost športnika, kjer mora športnik dokazovati, da ni užival prepovedanih substanc ter ob poznavanju protidopinških pravil sam iskati resnico v primeru pozitivnega vzorca urina. Drugače je pri odmeri kazni, kjer WADC upošteva subjektivno odgovornost, ki temelji na krivdi obdolženega. Da je doping zelo velik problem sodobnega športa kaže tudi število primerov obravnavanih pred Mednarodnim športnim razsodiščem (CAS) na letni ravni. CAS je samostojen in neodvisen organ, ki naj bi kot oblika arbitražnega odločanja nudil hitro in strokovno odločitev, ki je prilagojena posebni naravi, ki jo šport, kot specifična in unikatna sfera, vsekakor poseduje. They say that sport is as old as the old man's game. It seems that the sport and with that I don't mean only the Olympic sport, with top results, but also recreational, sport for all, is growing its importance itself as well as globally. Sport is far more just linking different people of all races and nationalities. Competitive sport has over the years become a business, very profitable business. However, every good thing has the dark side of the medal. As our athletes, sporting disciplines, different activities were developing, so was the growing desire to win . Along with the sports medicine has progressed as well, and together with various devices and substances which would ''help'' athletes to be the best. And so it began the problem of doping. Therefore, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) set to the Olympic Games in Mexico and began with serious fight against illegal drugs in sport. The fight against doping has from the outset took place at two levels: within the autonomous sports organizations and at state and international level (through the public-law entity). Later, the area of doping at international level quite unified with the creation of the World Anti-Doping Organizations (WADA) as an institution for the fight against doping within the IOC and the adoption of the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC). WADC does not define doping in a single and uniform definition, but describes it as a violation of one of the forms of doping. We could say that by WADA adopting the WADC announced the modern fight against doping in sport. Code refers to the strict liability of athletes, where the athlete has to prove that they did not enjoy illicit substances. Also, the athletes knowledge of anti-doping rules to seek the truth himself in the case of a positive urine sample. The case is different in the matter of sentencing, where the Code takes account of subjective liability based on fault of the defendant. That doping is a major problem of modern sport also shows the number of cases pending before the International Arbitration for Sport (CAS) on an annual basis. CAS is an independent body, which should be considered as a form of arbitration, where decisions are fast and professional, which is adapted to the specific nature of sport.