EKSPERIMENTIRANJE V PREDŠOLSKEM OBDOBJU

• Main Author: Gomboc, Klaudija
• Other Authors: Petek, Darija
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: [K. Gomboc] 2016
• Subjects: predšolski otrok; naravoslovje; kemija; eksperiment; prvotne zamisli; preschool child; experiment; natural sciences; chemistry; primary thoughts; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/373.2:50(043.2); sami
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=59145; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=90981&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=22435336&fmt=11

V teoretičnem delu naloge, v katerem je bila uporabljena domača in tuja literatura, je približano zgodnje uvajanje otrok v naravoslovje in njegova povezanost z razvojem otroka. Podana so spoznanja iz raziskav, kaj otroci v predšolskem obdobju že vedo. Opredeljeni so tudi motivacijski aspekti ter spoznavanje naravoslovja preko raziskovalnega dela, kjer je poudarjeno, da naravoslovno raziskovalno delo v predšolskem obdobju predstavlja temelj zgodnjega učenja ter poučevanja naravoslovja, s katerim otroci spoznavajo in začenjajo razumeti procese in pojme iz njihovega vsakdana. Na kratko so podane tudi osnovne značilnosti eksperimentov, ki so primerni za otroke v predšolskem obdobju, saj ti ne smejo biti težko izvedljivi, pojav pa mora biti jasno viden oziroma zaznaven. Priporočljivo je, da je eksperiment povezan z vsakdanjim življenjem otroka, prav tako pa mora biti v ospredje postavljena varnost otroka. V praktičnem delu so podana raziskovalna vprašanja in raziskovalne hipoteze zaključnega dela, predstavljenih je 5 eksperimentov s področja kemije, ki so bili izvedeni v vrtcu, in sicer v skupini otrok starih 4–6 let. Podrobneje sta opisani priprava ter izvedba eksperimentiranja. Posebej so izpostavljene otrokove prvotne zamisli pred izvedbo eksperimentiranja in spremembe le-teh po sami izvedbi. Dokazali smo, da eksperiment, v katerega je otrok aktivno vključen, otroku omogoči graditi znanje o razumevanju sprememb snovi in poteka posameznih procesov. In the theoretical part of this thesis, in which both domestic and foreign literature were used, the early deployment of children in natural science and its connection with the development of the child are drawn near. There are given the findings from the researches about what children in preschool age already know. There are also defined the motivational aspects, as well as the findings about natural science research, and it is emphasized that natural scientific research work in the preschool period is the foundation of early learning and teaching of science in which children learn and begin to understand the processes and concepts of their everyday lives. In short, there are also given the basic characteristics of the experiments, which are suitable for children of preschool age and these should not be difficult to be carried out, the phenomenon must be clearly visible or detectable, it is recommended that the experiment is connected with the everyday life of the child, as well as it has to be placed in the forefront of the child's safety. In the practical part there are given research questions and research hypothesis of the final work, there are 5 experiments in the field of chemistry presented, which were carried out in the nursery, in the age group of 4-6 years old. More into detail are described the preparation and carrying out of the experiments. They are especially set out to the child's original idea before performing experiments and to the changes of these after the performance . We proved that the experiment, in which the child is actively involved, allows the child to build knowledge on understanding changes in substance and in the course of individual processes.