Spremljanje razvojnih sprememb izbranih skeletnih mišic otrok v zgodnjem šolskem obdobju na osnovi njihovih biomehanskih lastnosti - longitudinalna raziskava

• Main Author: Završnik, Jernej
• Other Authors: Pejković, Božena
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: tenziomiografija; razvojne spremembe skeletnih mišic; hitra in počasna mišična vlakna; gibalna/športna aktivnost; otrokov razvoj; šolsko obdobje; tensiomiography; developmental changes in skeletal muscle; slow and fast twitch skeletal muscles; physical/sport activity; child development; school period; Hitra; sami
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=47324; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=69975&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=ID=512485432 &fmt=11

Z neinvazivno metodo tenziomiografijo (TMG) smo v zgodnjem šolskem obdobju longitudinalno analizirali razvojne spremembe izbranih skeletnih mišic zgornjih in spodnjih udov ter hrbta otrok, starih od 9 do 14 let. V raziskavo smo vključili 265 otrok treh slovenskih regij (ljubljanska, mariborska in obalna regija) in je del obsežne raziskave dveh raziskovalnih projektov − aplikativnega projekta Ministrstva za šolstvo, znanost in šport »Vloga biomehanskih lastnosti skeletnih mišic v gibalnem razvoju otrok« in temeljnega raziskovalnega projekta Ministrstva za šolstvo, znanost in šport »Spremljanje biomehanskih lastnosti skeletnih mišic v obdobju otroštva in adolescence«. Projekta sta potekala v organizaciji Inštituta za kineziološke raziskave, Znanstveno-raziskovalnega središča Univerze na Primorskem pod vodstvom prof. dr. Rada Pišota in bila sofinancirana s strani Ministrstva za šolstvo, znanost in šport RS. Na podlagi natančne analize in obdelave dobljenih podatkov smo z izbranimi statističnimi metodami ugotavljali spremembe v deležu počasi in hitro krčljivih izbranih skeletnih mišic, odstopanja v simetriji med dominantnimi in nedominantnimi mišicami ter njihovo povezanost z nekaterimi značilnostmi otrokove gibalne/športne aktivnosti v prostem času. Na osnovi meritev smo ugotovili spremembe v deležu med izbranimi počasi in hitro krčljivimi skeletnimi mišicami v šolskem obdobju ter pridobili podatke o pogostnosti, obliki in vsebini gibalne aktivnosti, ki je pomembna za te spremembe. Ob tem smo analizirali rezultate v hitrosti teka na kontaktni preprogi v posameznih starostnih obdobjih in jih primerjali s spremembami biomehanskih značilnosti spremljanih skeletnih mišic. Na osnovi rezultatov in predvsem primerjav med rezultati testa hitrosti teka ter kontraktilnimi lastnostmi izbranih skeletnih mišic smo prišli do ugotovitev, da prihaja poleg kvantitativnih in kvalitativnih razlik v kontraktilnih lastnostih otrokovih skeletnih mišic tudi do sprememb v sami motorični kontroli (učinkovitosti opravljanja specifičnih gibalnih nalog). Izsledki naše raziskave pomembno prispevajo k novim spoznanjem pri proučevanju razvoja skeletnih mišic ter razumevanju vloge in pomena, ki ga ima gibalna/športna aktivnost pri zagotavljanju skladnosti razvoja otrokovega skeletnega mišičja. With non-invasive method tensiomiography (TMG) we longitudinaly analyzed the developmental changes in selected skeletal muscles of the upper and lower limbs and back of school children aged 9 to 14 years. The research involved 265 children from three Slovenian regions (Ljubljana, Maribor and the coastal region) and is part of a comprehensive survey of two research projects, applied research project of the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports, "The role of biomechanical characteristics of skeletal muscles in the motor development of children" and a basic research project of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology »Monitoring biomechanical characteristics of skeletal muscle in childhood and adolescents." Both projects took place in the organization of the Institute of Kinesiology Research, Scientific Research Centre of the University of Primorska under the leadership of prof. dr. Rado Pišot and were co-financed by the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports of the Republic of Slovenia. On the basis of careful analysis and data processing as well as on the basis of selected statistical methods we determinated the changes in the proportion of slow and fast twitch skeletal muscles, deviations in the symmetry between the dominant and nondominant muscles and their connection with certain features in children's physical/sport activity during leisure time. Based on the measurements, we found changes in the proportion of selected slow and fast twitch skeletal muscles as well as obtain data on the frequency, format and content of physical activity, which is important for these changes. We also analyzed the results of the running speed on the contact carpet in individual age groups and compared them with changes in biomechanical characteristics of skeletal muscles monitored. Based on the results, especially comparisons between test results of the running speed and selected contractile properties of skeletal muscles, we have come to the conclusion that besides the quantitative and qualitative changes in the contractile properties of skeletal muscle of children, a change in their own motor control happened (effectiveness to provide specific motor tasks). Our research findings contribute significantly to the new findings in the study of skeletal muscle development and understanding of the role and importance of the physical/sport activity to ensure compliance of the development of the child's skeletal muscles.