NAJPOGOSTEJŠE TEKAŠKE POŠKODBE, NJIHOVA PREVENTIVA IN REHABILITACIJA

• Main Author: Andonovska, Ines
• Other Authors: Turk, Zmago
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: [I. Andonovska] 2015
• Subjects: tek; tekaške poškodbe; preventiva; rehabilitacija; zdravljenje; R.I.C.E.; running; running injuries; prevention; rehabilitation; treatment; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/796.012.412.5:616-001(043.2); sami
• Online Access: https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=47249; https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=69830&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=21208840&fmt=11

V diplomskem delu sem se v teoretičnem delu osredotočila na vrste mišic, sklepov in kosti ter na vrste poškodb, jih opredelila in opisala. Opredelila sem zunanje in notranje dejavnike, ki vplivajo na nastanek tekaških poškodb. Prav tako sem se osredotočila na najpogostejše tekaške poškodbe, zakaj prihaja do njih, kako jih lahko preprečimo oziroma zmanjšamo njihov nastanek. Da bi se možnosti za nastanek poškodb med samim tekom zmanjšale, je potrebno na tem delati že preventivno. Zaradi tega sem opredelila ter opisala tekaške preventive (ogrevanje, stretching, pravilna tehnika teka in pravilna tekaška obutev). Vsaki nastali poškodbi sledi rehabilitacija - zdravljenje. To je vzpostavitev funkcionalnega stanja, ki je čim bližje tistemu pred nastalo poškodbo. Opredelila in opisala sem različne metode zdravljenja - različne vrste fizikalnih terapij. V zadnjem, empiričnem delu, je bil moj namen oziroma cilj ugotoviti pogostost poškodb pri tekačih ter ugotoviti, do katerih poškodb prihaja najpogosteje. Prav tako me je zanimalo, če so tekači dovolj osveščeni o sami preventivi poškodb, ali si znajo nuditi samopomoč, kadar do poškodbe pride in kakšne metode zdravljenja poznajo. Zanimalo me je še, ali so morda tudi kakšne razlike med spoloma. Katera je moška in katera ženska najpogostejša poškodba ter ali se sprinterji pogosteje poškodujejo v primerjavi s srednje in dolgoprogaši. Raziskavo sem izvedla s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. V raziskavi je prostovoljno in anonimno sodelovalo 60 tekačev, od tega 30 žensk in 30 moških. Pridobljene podatke sem obdelala s programom Excel in rezultate grafično ponazorila. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov sem ugotovila, da je najpogostejša poškodba zvin gležnja (40%), sledijo ji boleča Ahilova tetiva (38%), vnetje pokostnice (35%), akutne mišične poškodbe (28%) ter plantarni fascilitis (18%). Večina tekačev meni, da so dovolj osveščeni o preventivi pred tekom (88%), prav tako menijo, da znajo nuditi samopomoč ob nastanku poškodbe (65%), vendar so premalo osveščeni o vrstah fizikalnih terapij. Sprinterji se poškodujejo pogosteje kot srednje in dolgoprogaši. Najpogostejše poškodbe pri teku so poškodbe spodnjih okončin. V diplomski nalogi so zajeti vsi bistveni podatki, za katere menim, da bodo v pomoč vsem tekačem, bodisi rekreativnim ali tistim, ki se s tekom ukvarjajo profesionalno. In the theoretical part of this diploma paper I focused on types of muscles, joints, bones and injuries that will be analysed and described. Outer and inner injuries, which influence occurrence of running injuries, are defined. Furthermore, there is a focus on the most frequent running injuries, their causes, how they can be prevented or at least lessened. In order to lessen the frequency of injuries while running, prevention is essential. This is the reason why running prevention is described (warming up, stretching, accurate running technique and accurate running footwear). Every injury is followed by rehabilitation – medical treatment. This means that the previous functional state before an injury occurred needs to be restored. Various methods of treatment are defined and described – types of physical therapies. In the empirical part my goal was to figure out what is the frequency of running injuries and in addition to that, what types of injuries occur most frequently. I was also interested whether runners are aware of possible prevention of injuries, whether they are able to help themselves in case an injury occurs and what methods of treatment they are familiar with. Another interest of mine referred to the differences between the genders. What are most common female and male injuries and whether sprinters are more often injured if compared to mid- and long-distance runners. This survey was carried out with a questionnaire and 60 runners took part in it, 30 males and 30 female runners. All received data was processed with Excel and the results are shown in graphs. On the basis of this results it was discovered, that the most common injury is a sprained ankle (40%), followed by painful Achilles tendon (38%), inflamed bone skin (35%), acute muscle injuries (28%) and planetary fasciitis (18%). Most runners believe they are enough aware of the prevention of injuries before they start running (88%), they also believe they are able to provide help for themselves (65%), but at the same time they think that they do not know enough about various types of physical therapies. Sprinters are more frequently injured than mid- or long-distance runners. The most frequent running injuries are those of lower extremities. In this diploma paper all essential data is included, which in my opinion might help runners, whether recreational or for those who run professionally.