Dreams of Arctic flights: French aerial polar expedition projects 1872–1906

• Published in: Lychnos: Årsbok för idé- och lärdomshistoria
• Main Author: Simon-Ekeland, Alexandre
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Swedish
• Published: Lärdomshistoriska samfundet 2024
• Subjects: History of flight; French history; Ballooning; Polar exploration; Société de Géographie de Paris; Société de Navigation Aérienne; Arctic; North Pole
• Online Access: https://tidskriftenlychnos.se/article/view/24816; https://doi.org/10.48202/24816

From the 1870s to the 1900s, several French men had the idea of flying to the North Pole in a balloon and submitted their ideas either to the Paris Geographical Society or to the very active French association of aeronauts. Some of these projects elicited enthusiasm, others indifference or ridicule. None of them were realised, although some came much closer than others to gathering enough money to launch towards the Arctic. This article analyses these expedition projects and argues that the reason for their failure was that, while both the French aeronauts and geographers had Arctic dreams, they were not compatible. They imagined the polar regions and the role of an explorer too differently for them to be able to come to an agreement as to what expeditions were worth supporting: as a result, none of these projects concretised. From the 1870s to the 1900s, several French men had the idea of flying to the North Pole in a balloon and submitted their ideas either to the Paris Geographical Society or to the very active French association of aeronauts. Some of these projects elicited enthusiasm, others indifference or ridicule. None of them were realised, although some came much closer than others to gathering enough money to launch towards the Arctic. This article analyses these expedition projects and argues that the reason for their failure was that, while both the French aeronauts and geographers had Arctic dreams, they were not compatible. They imagined the polar regions and the role of an explorer too differently for them to be able to come to an agreement as to what expeditions were worth supporting: as a result, none of these projects concretised.