Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans

• Published in: Science
• Main Authors: Eriksson, Anders, Moltke, Ida, Metspalu, Mait, Homburger, Julian R., Wall, Jeff, Cornejo, Omar E., Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor, Korneliussen, Thorfinn S., Pierre, Tracey, Rasmussen, Morten, Campos, Paula F., Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Allentoft, Morten E., Lindo, John, Metspalu, Ene, Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, Mansilla, Josefina, Henrickson, Celeste, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Malmström, Helena, Stafford, Thomas, Shringarpure, Suyash S., Moreno-Estrada, Andrés, Karmin, Monika, Tambets, Kristiina, Bergström, Anders, Xue, Yali, Warmuth, Vera, Friend, Andrew D., Singarayer, Joy, Valdes, Paul, Balloux, Francois, Leboreiro, Ilán, Vera, Jose Luis, Rangel-Villalobos, Hector, Pettener, Davide, Luiselli, Donata, Davis, Loren G., Heyer, Evelyne, Zollikofer, Christoph P. E., León, Marcia S. Ponce de, Smith, Colin I., Grimes, Vaughan, Pike, Kelly-Anne, Deal, Michael, Fuller, Benjamin T., Arriaza, Bernardo, Standen, Vivien, Luz, Maria F., Ricaut, Francois, Guidon, Niede, Osipova, Ludmila, Voevoda, Mikhail I., Posukh, Olga L., Balanovsky, Oleg, Lavryashina, Maria, Bogunov, Yuri, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Gubina, Marina, Balanovska, Elena, Fedorova, Sardana, Litvinov, Sergey, Malyarchuk, Boris, Derenko, Miroslava, Mosher, M. J., Archer, David, Cybulski, Jerome, Petzelt, Barbara, Mitchell, Joycelynn, Worl, Rosita, Norman, Paul J., Parham, Peter, Kemp, Brian M., Kivisild, Toomas, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Sandhu, Manjinder S., Crawford, Michael, Villems, Richard, Smith, David Glenn, Waters, Michael R., Goebel, Ted, Johnson, John R., Malhi, Ripan S., Jakobsson, Mattias, Meltzer, David J., Manica, Andrea, Durbin, Richard, Bustamante, Carlos D., Song, Yun S., Nielsen, Rasmus, Willerslev, Eske
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: Bering Land Bridge; Beringia; Siberia
• Online Access: https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_18D191F10C63; https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab3884; http://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6250/aab3884

Genetic history of Native Americans Several theories have been put forth as to the origin and timing of when Native American ancestors entered the Americas. To clarify this controversy, Raghavan et al. examined the genomic variation among ancient and modern individuals from Asia and the Americas. There is no evidence for multiple waves of entry or recurrent gene flow with Asians in northern populations. The earliest migrations occurred no earlier than 23,000 years ago from Siberian ancestors. Amerindians and Athabascans originated from a single population, splitting approximately 13,000 years ago. Science, this issue 10.1126/science.aab3884 Structured Abstract INTRODUCTIONThe consensus view on the peopling of the Americas is that ancestors of modern Native Americans entered the Americas from Siberia via the Bering Land Bridge and that this occurred at least {\textasciitilde}14.6 thousand years ago (ka). However, the number and timing of migrations into the Americas remain controversial, with conflicting interpretations based on anatomical and genetic evidence. RATIONALEIn this study, we address four major unresolved issues regarding the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans: (i) the timing of their divergence from their ancestral group, (ii) the number of migrations into the Americas, (iii) whether there was {\textasciitilde}15,000 years of isolation of ancestral Native Americans in Beringia (Beringian Incubation Model), and (iv) whether there was post-Pleistocene survival of relict populations in the Americas related to Australo-Melanesians, as suggested by apparent differences in cranial morphologies between some early (“Paleoamerican”) remains and those of more recent Native Americans. We generated 31 high-coverage modern genomes from the Americas, Siberia, and Oceania; 23 ancient genomic sequences from the Americas dating between {\textasciitilde}0.2 and 6 ka; and SNP chip genotype data from 79 present-day individuals belonging to 28 populations from the Americas and Siberia. The ...