A First Report on the Presence of Epibiotic Fauna on Orcas (Family: Delphinidae) in Costa Rica

Interactions between cetaceans and their epibiotic fauna provide valuable insights into ecological dynamics, helping us understand ecosystem responses to climate change and species displacement. Data from the Orcas en Costa Rica project (1997-2024) were analyzed, the number of orcas with barnacles a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Castro-Azofeifa, César, Ramírez-González, Tania
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:Spanish
Published: Universidad Latina de Costa Rica 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://revistas.ulatina.ac.cr/index.php/ecologia/article/view/castro2024
Description
Summary:Interactions between cetaceans and their epibiotic fauna provide valuable insights into ecological dynamics, helping us understand ecosystem responses to climate change and species displacement. Data from the Orcas en Costa Rica project (1997-2024) were analyzed, the number of orcas with barnacles and remoras, and their specific body parts involved were determined. Orcas were classified by sex and age (male, female, juvenile, or calf), and the species of barnacles and remoras presented were identified. Among observed orcas, 25% had attached barnacles or remoras, with no adult males presenting barnacle associations. In 2022, 36% of reports indicated epibiosis, suggesting potential impacts of global warming on orca populations. This is the first report of epibiotic fauna on orcas in Costa Rica, establishing a baseline for using cetacean-epibiont interactions as bioindicators of environmental health, enhancing our understanding of ecosystem responses. Las interacciones entre cetáceos y su fauna epibiótica proporcionan valiosas perspectivas sobre la dinámica de los ecosistemas, ofreciendo herramientas para entender cómo reaccionan a factores como el cambio climático y el desplazamiento de especies clave. Se analizaron datos del proyecto Orcas en Costa Rica (1997-2024), el número de orcas con percebes y rémoras, y sus partes del cuerpo involucradas fueron determinadas. Las orcas fueron clasificadas por sexo y grupo de edad (macho, hembra, juvenil o cría) y se identificaron las especies de percebes y rémoras presentes. El 25% de las orcas observadas tenían percebes o rémoras adheridas, sin asociaciones de percebes en machos adultos. En 2022, el 36% de los informes presentaban epibiosis, lo cual podría indicar efectos del calentamiento global en las orcas. Este es el primer informe de fauna epibiótica relacionada con orcas en Costa Rica, estableciendo una base para usar las interacciones cetáceo-epibionte como bioindicadores de la salud ambiental permitiendo mayor comprensión de las respuestas dentro del ecosistema.