Histological Study Of Protective Effects Of The Aqueous Extract Of Moringa Oleifera Seeds On Diclofenac-Induced Livers In Male Rats

• Main Authors: Saleh, Nagham, Abdel-Hussein Kadhim AL–Essawi , Dalal
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Faculty of Science - University of Kufa 2023
• Subjects: Key words: queous extract ,Moringa oleifera ,seeds; diclofenac; livers ,male rats; Conclusion We can conclude from this study that the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds had a protective role in maintaining the histological structure of the liver in male white rats from the negative and harmful effects caused by the diclofenac drug within the therapeutic dose. Introduction Diclofenac drug is an anti-inflammatory drug that belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; diclofenac was first approved by the FDA in July 1988 under the trade name Voltaren; marketed by Novartis (formerly Ciba-Geigy) (Batlouni ,2009) (19); it works by reducing the production of prostocladin and oxidation enzymes that cause inflammation and pain in the body. It is one of the most widely used drugs in all parts of the world. Pain-relieving anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most common medications that help relieve pain quickly; and they can be used without a prescription to remove fever and relieve pain and used to treat mild to moderate pain; rheumatoid arthritis; spondylolisthesis; eye infections; fever; gout; and migraine (Gokçimen et al.,2001) (21). Diclofenac absorption is rapid and complete when given orally and this drug is highly bound to plasma albumin )Davies and Anderson; 1997( (8) and it is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; but is likely to undergo first-pass metabolism with only 60% of the drug reaching the systemic circulation passing unnoticed) David et al.,2016) (7). The mechanism of action of diclofenac is summarized in its ability to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase COX which helps in the formation of chemicals known as prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation; and when preventing the formation of this substance leads to a reduction in pain and inflammation; as diclofenac inhibits the manufacture of cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme; and thus reduces the incidence of infection With regard to the side effects of the digestive system; compared to both indomethacin and aspirin; the effectiveness of a single dose of diclofenac (6 to 8 hours) is much longer than the half-life of the drug; which is considered short (AL– Essawi; 2020) (15). The reason for this can be attributed to the fact that diclofenac persists for more than 11 hours in the synovial fluid. Diclofenac drug inhibits synthesis of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2; which they are the enzymes responsible for the production of prostaglandins (PG) and these molecules have broad activity in pain and inflammation and inhibition of their production is the common mechanism linking each effect of diclofenac (Hirata et al.; 2012) (23),Many serious side effects of diclofenac include cardiovascular thrombosis; heart failure; high blood pressure; sore throat; burning eyes; skin rash; exfoliative dermatitis and idiopathic use of many analgesics; renal and heart failure leading to death even at the treated dose( Vijayalakshmi et al.; 2014(32); AL– Essawi and Aljamali ,2019) (16) Moringa oleifera plant is one of the important medicinal plants that has been used as a treatment for many diseases as a substitute for many drugs and medical medicines and this plant has been used since ancient times because it contains organic substances; amino acids; phenols; carotenoids; flavonoids; isothiocyanates; enzymes; glucosins; minerals; sterols and tannins which are substances responsible for the formation of antioxidants in the human body; these substances contain many properties such as hepatoprotective properties; antioxidants; and antimicrobials (Abdel-Latif et al.,2022) (4). In this times; Moringa oleifera has entered medical laboratories as a healthy nutritional supplement to reduce malnutrition (Brar et al.; 2020) (20). It has also been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases; antihypertensives; protection against diabetes; Rattus rattus
• Online Access: https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/ajb/article/view/12778; https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v15.i3.12778

The study designed to indicate the protective effect of the hot aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera the seeds of against the harmful effects stimulated by the diclofenac drug in the livers of the male rats. This study was carried out in the animal house of Science College / Department of Biology -University of Kufa from 1/10/2022 to 10/1/2023. Thirty animals of adult male rats of type (Rattus rattus) were used in this study which had an average weight of (220 g) and an average age of (12) weeks. The experimental animals of male rats were divided into six groups and each group included five male rats which were treated by dose Orally by means of gastric dosing tool for 35 days andwere as : the 1 group was provided with diet and water only and was a control group, while the 2 group of male rats was dosed with only diclofenac drug at a concentration of (100) mg / kg of body weight, and the 3 group of animals were dosed with hot aqueous extract of plant seeds Moringa oleifera at concentrationof (400 ) mg / kg of body weight and the 4 group of animals were dosed with hot aqueous extract of plant seeds Moringa oleifera at concentrationof (600 ) mg / kg of body weight respectively, while 5 group was dosed with the hot aqueous extract of the seeds of Moringa oleifera at concentration (400 mg/kg of body weight + diclofenac at a concentration of (100) mg/kg of body weight and the last group 6 was dosed with the hot aqueous extract of the seeds of Moringa oleifera at concentration (400 mg/kg of body weight + diclofenac at a concentration of (100) mg/kg of body weight respectively.all the animals of rats were treated in all groups for a period of 35 days and after expermnit end the rats were sacrificed after being anesthetized with chloroform and the livers was extracted from the bodies after they were opened and placed in formalin solution at a concentration of 10% for a period of 48 hours for the purpose for histological study. The results of this study showed that histological sections of liver tissue of rats treated ...