The GLE #73 on 28 October 2021: spectra, angular distribution and terrestrial effects

The first solar proton event observed at ground, that is ground level enhancement, of solar cycle 25 was detected on 28 October 2021 by several neutron monitors (NMs), specifically those in the polar region as well as by space-borne instruments. It was identified as the GLE (ground-level enhancement...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mishev, Alexander, Kocharov, Leon, Koldobskiy, Sergey, Larsen, Nicholas, Riihonen, Esa, Vainio, Rami, Usoskin, Ilya
Format: Book Part
Language:English
Published: 2023
Subjects:
article
Chapter
ddc:530
ddc:600
solar energetic particles
ground level enhancement
neutron monitor
data analysis
terrestrial effects
Antarctic
The Antarctic
Antarc*
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.38072/2748-3150/p36
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2023-00513-3
https://macau.uni-kiel.de/receive/macau_mods_00003835
https://macau.uni-kiel.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/macau_derivate_00005427/kiel-up_2748-3150_p36.pdf
Description
Summary:The first solar proton event observed at ground, that is ground level enhancement, of solar cycle 25 was detected on 28 October 2021 by several neutron monitors (NMs), specifically those in the polar region as well as by space-borne instruments. It was identified as the GLE (ground-level enhancement) #73 in the International GLE database. The strongest signal at the ground was registered by the DOMC/DOMB monitors located at the Antarctic plateau at the Concordia French-Italian research station. Here, we report the observations and the study of this event using the global NM network and SOHO/ERNE records. We present the derived angular and spectral characteristics of solar energetic protons, including their dynamical evolution throughout the event. Several applications are discussed, namely the terrestrial effects of the GLE particles during the event.

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