Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom
Seasonal sea ice cover reduces wind-driven mixing and allows for under-ice stratification to develop. These under-ice plumes are a common phenomenon in the seasonal sea ice zone. They stabilize stratification and concentrate terrestrial runoff in the top layer, transporting it further offshore than...
Published in: | Journal of Marine Systems |
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Language: | English |
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2018
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10138/240217 |
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ftunivhelsihelda:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/240217 2024-01-07T09:46:37+01:00 Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom Kari, Elina Merkouriadi, Ioanna Walve, Jakob Leppäranta, Matti Kratzer, Susanne Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) 2018-08-30T07:35:00Z 11 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10138/240217 eng eng Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.06.004 Kari , E , Merkouriadi , I , Walve , J , Leppäranta , M & Kratzer , S 2018 , ' Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom ' , Journal of Marine Systems , vol. 186 , pp. 85-95 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.06.004 RIS: urn:364D0C4DF2857CD7E65E83E8AAF31595 ORCID: /0000-0002-0861-3341/work/102574671 85048856411 3f9c5d8f-7d16-4ea3-aea7-03f4f94041bc http://hdl.handle.net/10138/240217 000439673300007 cc_by_nc_nd openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Seasonal sea ice Under-ice plume Stratification Phytoplankton spring bloom Onset Phytoplankton composition Baltic Sea SEA-ICE FINLAND HYDROGRAPHY GULF TVARMINNE ESTUARY VARIABILITY DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER ABSORPTION WATER 1171 Geosciences Article publishedVersion 2018 ftunivhelsihelda 2023-12-14T00:08:42Z Seasonal sea ice cover reduces wind-driven mixing and allows for under-ice stratification to develop. These under-ice plumes are a common phenomenon in the seasonal sea ice zone. They stabilize stratification and concentrate terrestrial runoff in the top layer, transporting it further offshore than during ice-free seasons. In this study, the effect of sea ice on spring stratification is investigated in Himmerfjärden bay in the NW Baltic Sea. Distinct under-ice plumes were detected during long ice seasons. The preconditions for the development of the under-ice plumes are described as well as the typical spatial and temporal dimensions of the resulting stratification patterns. Furthermore, the effect of the under-ice plume on the timing of the onset and the maximum of the phytoplankton spring bloom were investigated, in terms of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations. At the head of the bay, bloom onset was delayed on average by 18 days in the event of an under-ice plume. However, neither the maximum concentration of Chl-a nor the timing of the Chl-a maximum were affected, implying that the growth period was shorter with a higher daily productivity. During this period from spring bloom onset to maximum Chl-a, the diatom biomass was higher and Mesodinium rubrum biomass was lower in years with under-ice plumes compared to years without under-ice plumes. Our results thus suggest that the projected shorter ice seasons in the future will reduce the probability of under-ice plume development, creating more dynamic spring bloom conditions. These dynamic conditions and the earlier onset of the spring bloom seem to favor the M. rubrum rather than diatoms. Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository Journal of Marine Systems 186 85 95 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HELDA – University of Helsinki Open Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivhelsihelda |
language |
English |
topic |
Seasonal sea ice Under-ice plume Stratification Phytoplankton spring bloom Onset Phytoplankton composition Baltic Sea SEA-ICE FINLAND HYDROGRAPHY GULF TVARMINNE ESTUARY VARIABILITY DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER ABSORPTION WATER 1171 Geosciences |
spellingShingle |
Seasonal sea ice Under-ice plume Stratification Phytoplankton spring bloom Onset Phytoplankton composition Baltic Sea SEA-ICE FINLAND HYDROGRAPHY GULF TVARMINNE ESTUARY VARIABILITY DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER ABSORPTION WATER 1171 Geosciences Kari, Elina Merkouriadi, Ioanna Walve, Jakob Leppäranta, Matti Kratzer, Susanne Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom |
topic_facet |
Seasonal sea ice Under-ice plume Stratification Phytoplankton spring bloom Onset Phytoplankton composition Baltic Sea SEA-ICE FINLAND HYDROGRAPHY GULF TVARMINNE ESTUARY VARIABILITY DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER ABSORPTION WATER 1171 Geosciences |
description |
Seasonal sea ice cover reduces wind-driven mixing and allows for under-ice stratification to develop. These under-ice plumes are a common phenomenon in the seasonal sea ice zone. They stabilize stratification and concentrate terrestrial runoff in the top layer, transporting it further offshore than during ice-free seasons. In this study, the effect of sea ice on spring stratification is investigated in Himmerfjärden bay in the NW Baltic Sea. Distinct under-ice plumes were detected during long ice seasons. The preconditions for the development of the under-ice plumes are described as well as the typical spatial and temporal dimensions of the resulting stratification patterns. Furthermore, the effect of the under-ice plume on the timing of the onset and the maximum of the phytoplankton spring bloom were investigated, in terms of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations. At the head of the bay, bloom onset was delayed on average by 18 days in the event of an under-ice plume. However, neither the maximum concentration of Chl-a nor the timing of the Chl-a maximum were affected, implying that the growth period was shorter with a higher daily productivity. During this period from spring bloom onset to maximum Chl-a, the diatom biomass was higher and Mesodinium rubrum biomass was lower in years with under-ice plumes compared to years without under-ice plumes. Our results thus suggest that the projected shorter ice seasons in the future will reduce the probability of under-ice plume development, creating more dynamic spring bloom conditions. These dynamic conditions and the earlier onset of the spring bloom seem to favor the M. rubrum rather than diatoms. Peer reviewed |
author2 |
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kari, Elina Merkouriadi, Ioanna Walve, Jakob Leppäranta, Matti Kratzer, Susanne |
author_facet |
Kari, Elina Merkouriadi, Ioanna Walve, Jakob Leppäranta, Matti Kratzer, Susanne |
author_sort |
Kari, Elina |
title |
Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom |
title_short |
Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom |
title_full |
Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom |
title_fullStr |
Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom |
title_sort |
development of under-ice stratification in himmerfjärden bay, north-western baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom |
publisher |
Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/240217 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_relation |
10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.06.004 Kari , E , Merkouriadi , I , Walve , J , Leppäranta , M & Kratzer , S 2018 , ' Development of under-ice stratification in Himmerfjärden bay, North-Western Baltic proper, and their effect on the phytoplankton spring bloom ' , Journal of Marine Systems , vol. 186 , pp. 85-95 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.06.004 RIS: urn:364D0C4DF2857CD7E65E83E8AAF31595 ORCID: /0000-0002-0861-3341/work/102574671 85048856411 3f9c5d8f-7d16-4ea3-aea7-03f4f94041bc http://hdl.handle.net/10138/240217 000439673300007 |
op_rights |
cc_by_nc_nd openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Systems |
container_volume |
186 |
container_start_page |
85 |
op_container_end_page |
95 |
_version_ |
1787428472195383296 |