Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold

• Published in: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
• Main Authors: Hemilä, Harri, Chalker, Elizabeth
• Other Authors: Hjelt Institute (-2014), Department of Public Health
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2017
• Subjects: Administration; Oral; Ascorbic Acid [administration & dosage; therapeutic use]; Common Cold [drug therapy; prevention & control]; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiratory Tract Infections [drug therapy; Humans; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; D-ISOASCORBIC ACID; ASCORBIC-ACID; WINTER ILLNESS; DOUBLE-BLIND; TWIN CONTROL; LARGE-SCALE; SUPPLEMENTATION; SYMPTOMS; 3142 Public health care science; environmental and occupational health; Subarctic
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/225864

BACKGROUND: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) for preventing and treating the common cold has been a subject of controversy for 70 years. OBJECTIVES: To find out whether vitamin C reduces the incidence, the duration or severity of the common cold when used either as a continuous regular supplementation every day or as a therapy at the onset of cold symptoms. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL 2012, Issue 11, MEDLINE (1966 to November week 3, 2012), EMBASE (1990 to November 2012), CINAHL (January 2010 to November 2012), LILACS (January 2010 to November 2012) and Web of Science (January 2010 to November 2012). We also searched the U.S. National Institutes of Health trials register and WHO ICTRP on 29 November 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: We excluded trials which used less than 0.2 g per day of vitamin C and trials without a placebo comparison. We restricted our review to placebo-controlled trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted data. We assessed 'incidence' of colds during regular supplementation as the proportion of participants experiencing one or more colds during the study period. 'Duration' was the mean number of days of illness of cold episodes. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-nine trial comparisons involving 11,306 participants contributed to the meta-analysis on the risk ratio (RR) of developing a cold whilst taking vitamin C regularly over the study period. In the general community trials involving 10,708 participants, the pooled RR was 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 to 1.00). Five trials involving a total of 598 marathon runners, skiers and soldiers on subarctic exercises yielded a pooled RR of 0.48 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.64).Thirty-one comparisons examined the effect of regular vitamin C on common cold duration (9745 episodes). In adults the duration of colds was reduced by 8% (3% to 12%) and in children by 14% (7% to 21%). In children, 1 to 2 g/day vitamin C shortened colds by 18%. The severity of colds was also reduced by regular vitamin C administration.Seven comparisons ...