Development of analytical methods for the separation of plutonium, americium, curium and neptunium from environmental samples

In this work, separation methods have been developed for the analysis of anthropogenic transuranium elements plutonium, americium, curium and neptunium from environmental samples contaminated by global nuclear weapons testing and the Chernobyl accident. The analytical methods utilized in this study...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Salminen, Susanna
Other Authors: Mietelski, Jerzy Wojciech, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Helsingin yliopisto, matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, kemian laitos, Helsingfors universitet, matematisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, kemiska institutionen, Paatero, Jussi
Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
Language:English
Published: Helsingin yliopisto 2010
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10138/21060
Description
Summary:In this work, separation methods have been developed for the analysis of anthropogenic transuranium elements plutonium, americium, curium and neptunium from environmental samples contaminated by global nuclear weapons testing and the Chernobyl accident. The analytical methods utilized in this study are based on extraction chromatography. Highly varying atmospheric plutonium isotope concentrations and activity ratios were found at both Kurchatov (Kazakhstan), near the former Semipalatinsk test site, and Sodankylä (Finland). The origin of plutonium is almost impossible to identify at Kurchatov, since hundreds of nuclear tests were performed at the Semipalatinsk test site. In Sodankylä, plutonium in the surface air originated from nuclear weapons testing, conducted mostly by USSR and USA before the sampling year 1963. The variation in americium, curium and neptunium concentrations was great as well in peat samples collected in southern and central Finland in 1986 immediately after the Chernobyl accident. The main source of transuranium contamination in peats was from global nuclear test fallout, although there are wide regional differences in the fraction of Chernobyl-originated activity (of the total activity) for americium, curium and neptunium. Tässä työssä kehitettiin erotusmenetelmiä transuraanialkuaineiden plutonium, amerikium, curium ja neptunium erottamiseksi globaalin ydinkoelaskeuman ja Tshernobylin onnettomuutta seuranneen laskeuman saastuttamista ympäristönäytteistä. Tutkimuksessa käytetyt analyyttiset menetelmät perustuvat ekstraktiokromatografiaan. Pintailman plutoniumisotooppien pitoisuudet ja aktiivisuussuhteet vaihtelivat suuresti sekä Kurchatovissa (Kazakhstan), lähellä entistä Semipalatinskin ydinkoepaikkaa, että Sodankylässä. Alueella tehdyistä sadoista ydinpommikokeista johtuen plutoniumin alkuperää on lähes mahdoton tunnistaa Kurchatovissa. Sodankylässä pintailman plutonium oli peräisin pääasiassa Neuvostoliiton ja Yhdysvaltojen ennen vuotta 1963 (näytteenottovuosi) tekemistä ...