Technological approaches to longline- and cage-based aquaculture in open ocean environments
As the worldwide exploitation rate of capture fisheries continues, the development of sustainable aquaculture practices is increasing to meet the seafood needs of the growing world population. The demand for aquatic products was historically satisfied firstly by an effort to expand wild catch and se...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book Part |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York, NY : Springer Healthcare
2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/2605 https://doi.org/10.15488/2579 |
| Summary: | As the worldwide exploitation rate of capture fisheries continues, the development of sustainable aquaculture practices is increasing to meet the seafood needs of the growing world population. The demand for aquatic products was historically satisfied firstly by an effort to expand wild catch and secondly by increasing land-based and near-shore aquaculture. However, stagnation in wild catch as well as environmental and societal challenges of land-based and near-shore aquaculture have greatly promoted efforts to development farming offshore technologies for harsh, high energetic environments. This contribution thus highlights recent technological approaches based on three sample sites which reach out from sheltered near-shore aquaculture sites to sites with harsh wave/current conditions. It compares and evaluates existing technological approaches based on a broad literature review; on this basis, we then strongly advocate for presently available aquaculture technologies to merge with future offshore structures and platforms and to unveil its added value through synergetic multi-use concepts. The first example describes the recent development of longline farming in offshore waters of New Zealand. New Zealand has designated over 10,000 ha of permitted open ocean water space for shellfish farming. The farms range from 8 to 20 km out to sea and a depth of 35-80 m of water. Research has been ongoing for the last 10 years and the first commercial efforts are now developing in the Bay of Plenty. New methods are being developed which should increase efficiency and reduce maintenance with a particular focus on Greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) and the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas), Flat Oyster (Tiostrea chilensis) and various seaweeds. The second case study involves a long-term, open ocean aquaculture (OOA) research project conducted by the University of New Hampshire. During the course of approximately 10 years, the technological aspects of OOA farming were conducted with submersible cages and longlines, surface ... |
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