Exercise- and diet-induced metabolic and physiological adaptations
Background and aim: 71% of all deaths worldwide are caused by non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases or type-2 diabetes. In modulation of those diseases, exercise and a healthy diet are preventive measures. Additionally, both components favorably impact the process of aging. Altho...
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| Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
2021
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| Online Access: | https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/11392 https://doi.org/10.15488/11305 |
| Summary: | Background and aim: 71% of all deaths worldwide are caused by non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases or type-2 diabetes. In modulation of those diseases, exercise and a healthy diet are preventive measures. Additionally, both components favorably impact the process of aging. Although some studies have investigated potential synergistic effects of exercise and dietary modifications, most research has focused on participants with health conditions (e.g., obesity, pre-diabetes, type-2 diabetes), leaving out the untrained but otherwise healthy older population. Therefore, it remains unknown to what extent healthy elderly individuals may benefit from exercise combined with dietary modifications. As a consequence, the aim of this thesis was to study the health benefits and synergistic effects of exercise combined with dietary measures (healthy diet vs. Calanus finmarchicus oil intake) in untrained healthy elderly individuals. Beyond positive health effects of exercise and a healthy diet, there are also scenarios in which exercise and (inadequate) dietary intake may negatively impact health. Therefore, a second aim was to assess the health risks associated with low energy availability, commonly observed in athletes in a performance-oriented environment. Methods: Altogether, 134 elderly participants (50-70 years, BMI 18-30 kg/m2, no sports within the last two years) were included in a 12-week randomized, controlled interventional trial. Using stratified randomization according to sex, BMI, and age, participants were allocated to one of four study groups: 1) control group with no intervention (CON); 2) 2x/week aerobic and resistance exercise only (EX); 3) exercise routine as in 2) combined with dietary counseling in accordance with the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (EXDC); 4) exercise routine as in 2) combined with intake of 2 g/day Calanus finmarchicus oil (EXCO). At the beginning and end of the study body composition was analyzed and fasted blood samples were taken to evaluate metabolic ... |
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