Cultural landscapes of the Scandinavian reindeer herding facing the global change: a multi-scalar approach (Swedish Lappland, southern Norway)

• Main Author: Courault, Romain
• Other Authors: UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Marianne Cohen
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2018
• Subjects: Climatology; biogeography; saami pastoralism; climate change; landscape fragmentation; Rangifer tarandus; Climatologie; biogéographie; pastoralisme saami; changement climatique; fragmentation paysagère; [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography; [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment/Bioclimatology; [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment/Ecosystems; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society; [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes; Arctic; Climate change; Laponie; Lappland; Northern Sweden; saami; Subarctic; subarctique*; renne
• Online Access: https://hal.science/tel-03637820; https://hal.science/tel-03637820/document; https://hal.science/tel-03637820/file/these_COURAULT.pdf

Subarctic areas are currently facing the inter-related and multi-scalar effects of the global change (bioclimatological extremes amplification, land uses intensification). Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus is a corpulent migratory herbivorous specie which migrates annually over large distances to insure its biological needs. The arctic ungulate crystellize numerous landscape issues for the saami pastoralism. Several reindeer populations are studied in a multi-scalar survey. We assess the direct effects of global change (landscape fragmentation and climate changes) on the cultural landscapes of Scandinavia by testing links with reindeer’ dynamics of population. Thereafter, we downscale to characterize via remote sensing and floristic surveys the effects of the global change on vegetal landscapes of the Gabna herders’ community (northern Sweden). We then study migratory patterns of wild reindeer (Norway) to better understand links between the bio-climatologicalvariability and the arctic ungulate’ spatial ecology. Main results converge with scientific literature, applied to our studied cases: specific signal of climate change and land loss regionally, and locally borealization and shrubification of the migratory landscapes. Strong links between a part of the cumulated effects of the global change and the Scandinavian biogeography of Rangifer tarandus are then discussed. The landscape approach dealing with the complex environmental issues (land claim) also underlines the meaning of ethics for discussions between sciences and minorities. Les régions subarctiques font face aux effets interconnectés et pluri-scalaires du changement global (amplification des extrêmes bioclimatiques et intensification dans l’utilisation des sols). Le renne, Rangifer tarandus est un grand herbivore qui migre annuellement sur de grands espaces pour ses besoins biologiques. L’ongulé cristallise de nombreux enjeux paysagers pour les pastoralismes saamis. Plusieurs populations de rennes seront étudiées dans un suivi multi-scalaire. Nous évaluons ...