Implementation and first results of the KM3NeT real-time core-collapse supernova neutrino search

• Published in: The European Physical Journal C
• Main Authors: Aiello, S., Anguita López, Mancia, Díaz García, Antonio Francisco, Gutiérrez González, Miguel, López Coto, Daniel, Navas Concha, Sergio, KM3NeT Collaboration
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer 2022
• Subjects: Orca
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/74647; https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10137-y

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris ile-de-France Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP through Grant AF-13, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2015/18/E/ST2/00758); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER), Generalitat Valenciana: Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019), Grisolia (ref. GRISOLIA/2018/119) and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2019/043, /2020/049) programs, Junta de Andalucia (ref. A-FQM-053-UGR18), La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), EU: MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spain. The KM3NeT research infrastructure is unconstruction in the Mediterranean Sea. KM3NeT will study atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos with two multipurpose neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, primarily aimed at GeV–PeV neutrinos. Thanks to the multiphotomultiplier tube design of the digital optical modules, KM3NeT is capable of detecting the neutrino burst from a Galactic or near-Galactic core-collapse supernova. This potential is already exploitable with the first detection units deployed in the sea. This paper describes the real-time implementation of the supernova neutrino search, operating on the two KM3NeT detectors since the first months of 2019. A quasi-online astronomy analysis is introduced to study the time profile of the detected neutrinos for especially significant events. Themechanism of generation and distribution of alerts, aswell as the integration into theSNEWSandSNEWS 2.0 global alert systems, are described. The approach for the follow-up of external alerts with a search for a neutrino excess in the archival data is defined. Finally, an overviewof the current detector capabilities and a report after the first two years of operation are given. French National Research Agency (ANR) European Commission ANR-15-CE31-0020 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Commission Europeenne Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) LabEx UnivEarthS ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001 Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG), Georgia FR-18-1268 German Research Foundation (DFG) Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) PRIN 2017 program, Italy NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP, Morocco AF-13 Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government National Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758 National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-A-C42 PGC2018-096663-B-C43 PGC2018-096663-B-C44 Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2020/019 Grisolia program GRISOLIA/2018/119 CIDEGENT/2018/034 Junta de Andalucia A-FQM-053-UGR18 La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019 EU: MSC program 101025085 Paris Ile-de-France Region, France GenT program CIDEGENT/2018/034 CIDEGENT/2019/043 CIDEGENT/2020/049