Managing the microbial community of marine fish larvae : a holistic perspective for larviculture

The availability of high-quality juveniles is a bottleneck in the farming of many marine fish species. Detrimental larvae-microbe interactions are a main reason for poor viability and quality in larval rearing. In this review, we explore the microbial community of fish larvae from an ecological and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in Microbiology
Main Authors: Vadstein, Olav, Attramadal, Kari JK, Bakke, Ingrid, Forberg, Torunn, Olsen, Yngvar, Verdegem, Marc, Giatsis, Cristos, Skjermo, Jorunn, Aasen, Inga M, Gatesoupe, Francois-Joel, Dierckens, Kristof, Sorgeloos, Patrick, Bossier, Peter
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Biology and Life Sciences
GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS
HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS L
BACTERIAL
CHALLENGE TEST
SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS L
DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX L
GNOTOBIOTIC SEA BASS
LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA
GADUS-MORHUA L
VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM
ATLANTIC HALIBUT
aquaculture
microbial management
microbe-host interactions
microbe-microbe interaction
aquaculture systems
bacterial flows
Gadus morhua
Scophthalmus maximus
Online Access:https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8591864
http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8591864
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01820
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8591864/file/8591865
Description
Summary:The availability of high-quality juveniles is a bottleneck in the farming of many marine fish species. Detrimental larvae-microbe interactions are a main reason for poor viability and quality in larval rearing. In this review, we explore the microbial community of fish larvae from an ecological and eco-physiological perspective, with the aim to develop the knowledge basis for microbial management. The larvae are exposed to a huge number of microbes from external and internal sources in intensive aquaculture, but their relative importance depend on the rearing technology used (especially flow-through vs. recirculating systems) and the retention time of the water in the fish tanks. Generally, focus has been on microbes entering the system, but microbes from growth within the system is normally a substantial part of the microbes encountered by larvae. Culture independent methods have revealed an unexpected high richness of bacterial species associated with larvae, with 100-250 operational taxonomic units associated with one individual. The microbiota of larvae changes rapidly until metamorphosis, most likely due to changes in the selection pressure in the digestive tract caused by changes in host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. Even though the microbiota of larvae is distinctly different from the microbiota of the water and the live food, the microbiota of the water strongly affects the microbiota of the larvae. We are in the early phase of understanding larvae-microbe interactions in vivo, but some studies with other animals than fish emphasize that we so far have underestimated the complexity of these interactions. We present examples demonstrating the diversity of these interactions. A large variety of microbial management methods exist, focusing on non-selective reduction of microbes, selective enhancement of microbes, and on improvement of the resistance of larvae against microbes. However, relatively few methods have been studied extensively. We believe that there is a lot to gain by increasing the ...

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