The IceCube Neutrino Observatory : instrumentation and online systems

• Published in: Journal of Instrumentation
• Main Authors: Aartsen, MG, Ackermann, M, Adams, J, Aguilar, JA, Ahlers, M, Ahrens, M, Altmann, D, Andeen, K, Anderson, T, Ansseau, I, Anton, G, Archinger, M, Arguelles, C, Auer, R, Auffenberg, J, Axani, S, Baccus, J, Bai, X, Barnet, S, Barwick, SW, Baum, V, Bay, R, Beattie, K, Beatty, JJ, Becker Tjus, J, Becker, K-H, Bendfelt, T, BenZvi, S, Berley, D, Bernardini, E, Bernhard, A, Besson, DZ, Binder, G, Bindig, D, Bissok, M, Blaufuss, E, Blot, S, Boersma, D, Bohm, C, Boerner, M, Bos, F, Bose, D, Boeser, S, Botner, O, Bouchta, A, Braun, J, Brayeur, L, Bretz, H-P, Bron, S, Burgman, A, Burreson, C, Carver, T, Casier, M, Cheung, E, Chirkin, D, Christov, A, Clark, K, Classen, L, Coenders, S, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Cowen, DF, Cross, R, Day, C, Day, M, de Andre, JPAM, De Clercq, C, del Pino Rosendo, E, Dembinski, H, De Ridder, Sam, Descamps, Freija, Desiati, P, de Vries, KD, de Wasseige, G, de With, M, DeYoung, T, Diaz-Velez, JC, di Lorenzo, V, Dujmovic, H, Dumm, JP, Dunkman, M, Eberhardt, B, Edwards, WR, Ehrhardt, T, Eichmann, B, Eller, P, Euler, S, Evenson, PA, Fahey, S, Fazely, AR, Feintzeig, J, Felde, J, Filimonov, K, Finley, C, Flis, S, Foesig, C-C, Franckowiak, A, Frere, M, Friedman, E, Fuchs, T, Gaisser, TK, Gallagher, J, Gerhardt, L, Ghorbani, K, Giang, W, Gladstone, L, Glauch, T, Glowacki, D, Gluesenkamp, T, Goldschmidt, A, Gonzalez, JG, Grant, D, Griffith, Z, Gustafsson, L, Haack, C, Hallgren, A, Halzen, F, Hansen, E, Hansmann, T, Hanson, K, Haugen, J, Hebecker, D, Heereman, D, Helbing, K, Hellauer, R, Heller, R, Hickford, S, Hignight, J, Hill, GC, Hoffman, KD, Hoffmann, R, Hoshina, K, Huang, F, Huber, M, Hulth, PO, Hultqvist, K, In, S, Inaba, M, Ishihara, A, Jacobi, E, Jacobsen, J, Japaridze, GS, Jeong, M, Jero, K, Jones, A, Jones, BJP, Joseph, J, Kang, W, Kappes, A, Karg, T, Karle, A, Katz, U, Kauer, M, Keivani, A, Kelley, JL, Kemp, J, Kheirandish, A, Kim, J, Kim, M, Kintscher, T, Kiryluk, J, Kitamura, N, Kittler, T, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, S, Kleist, M, Kohnen, G, Koirala, R, Kolanoski, H, Konietz, R, Koepke, L, Kopper, C, Kopper, S, Koskinen, DJ, Kowalski, M, Krasberg, M, Krings, K, Kroll, M, Krueckl, G, Kruger, C, Kunnen, J, Kunwar, S, Kurahashi, N, Kuwabara, T, Labare, Mathieu, Laihem, K, Landsman, H, Lanfranchi, JL, Larson, MJ, Lauber, F, Laundrie, A, Lennarz, D, Leich, H, Lesiak-Bzdak, M, Leuermann, M, Lu, L, Ludwig, J, Lunemann, J, Mackenzie, C, Madsen, J, Maggi, G, Mahn, KBM, Mancina, S, Mandelartz, M, Maruyama, R, Mase, K, Matis, H, Maunu, R, McNally, F, McParland, CP, Meade, P, Meagher, K, Medici, M, Meier, M, Meli, Athina, Menne, T, Merino, G, Meures, T, Miarecki, S, Minor, RH, Montaruli, T, Moulai, M, Murray, T, Nahnhauer, R, Naumann, U, Neer, G, Newcomb, M, Niederhausen, H, Nowicki, SC, Nygren, DR, Obertacke Pollmann, A, Olivas, A, O'Murchadha, A, Palczewski, T, Pandya, H, Pankova, DV, Patton, S, Peiffer, P, Penek, O, Pepper, JA, Perez de los Heros, C, Pettersen, C, Pieloth, D, Pinat, E, Price, PB, Przybylski, GT, Quinnan, M, Raab, C, Raedel, L, Rameez, M, Rawlins, K., Reimann, R, Relethford, B, Relich, M, Resconi, E, Rhode, W, Richman, M, Riedel, B, Robertson, S, Rongen, M, Roucelle, C, Rott, C, Ruhe, T, Ryckbosch, Dirk, Rysewyk, D, Sabbatini, L, Sanchez Herrera, SE, Sandrock, A, Sandroos, J, Sandstrom, P, Sarkar, S, Satalecka, K, Schlunder, P, Schmidt, T, Schoenen, S, Schoeneberg, S, Schukraft, A, Schumacher, L, Seckel, D, Seunarine, S, Solarz, M, Soldin, D, Song, M, Spiczak, GM, Spiering, C, Stanev, T, Stasik, A, Stettner, J, Steuer, A, Stezelberger, T, Stokstad, RG, Stoessl, A, Strom, R, Strotjohann, NL, Sulanke, K-H, Sullivan, GW, Sutherland, M, Taavola, H, Taboada, I, Tatar, J, Tenholt, F, Ter-Antonyan, S, Terliuk, A, Tesic, G, Thollander, L, Tilav, S, Toale, PA, Tobin, MN, Toscano, S, Tosi, D, Tselengidou, M, Turcati, A, Unger, E, Usner, M, Vandenbroucke, J, van Eijndhoven, N, Vanheule, Sander, van Rossem, M, van Santen, J, Vehring, M, Voge, M, Vogel, E, Vraeghe, Matthias, Wahl, D, Walck, C, Wallace, A, Wallraff, M, Wandkowsky, N, Weaver, Ch, Weiss, MJ, Wendt, C, Westerhoff, S, Wharton, D, Whelan, BJ, Wickmann, S, Wiebe, K, Wiebusch, CH, Wille, L, Williams, DR, Wills, L, Wisniewski, P, Wolf, M, Wood, TR, Woolsey, E, Woschnagg, K, Xu, DL, Xu, XW, Xu, Y, Yanez, JP, Yodh, G, Yoshida, S, Zoll, M
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2017
• Subjects: Physics and Astronomy; Technology and Engineering; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Neutrino detectors; Online farms and online filtering; Trigger concepts and systems (hardware and software); DATA-ACQUISITION SYSTEM; NEEM ICE CORE; SOUTH-POLE; GLACIAL ICE; PERFORMANCE; STRATIGRAPHY; TELESCOPE; AMANDA; DESIGN; RECONSTRUCTION; South Pole; ice core; South pole
• Online Access: https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8565629; http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8565629; https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/03/P03012; https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8565629/file/8565631

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino detector built into the ice at the South Pole. Construction of IceCube, the largest neutrino detector built to date, was completed in 2011 and enabled the discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We describe here the design, production, and calibration of the IceCube digital optical module (DOM), the cable systems, computing hardware, and our methodology for drilling and deployment. We also describe the online triggering and data filtering systems that select candidate neutrino and cosmic ray events for analysis. Due to a rigorous pre-deployment protocol, 98.4% of the DOMs in the deep ice are operating and collecting data. IceCube routinely achieves a detector uptime of 99% by emphasizing software stability and monitoring. Detector operations have been stable since construction was completed, and the detector is expected to operate at least until the end of the next decade.