Diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Two phenotypes are present within the European eel population: broad-heads and narrow-heads. The expression of these phenotypes has been linked to several factors, such as diet and differential growth. The exact factors causing this dimorphism, however, are still unknown. In this study, we performed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Experimental Biology
Main Authors: De Meyer, Jens, Christiaens, Joachim, Adriaens, Dominique
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Biology and Life Sciences
Trophic plasticity
Elver eel stage
Dimorphism
Feeding
HEAD-SHAPE
SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM
BODY SHAPE
DIVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS
EVOLUTION
SIZE
SNAKES
MORPHOLOGY
JAPONICA
MODEL
Anguilla anguilla
Online Access:https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7224400
http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-7224400
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.131714
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7224400/file/7224407
Description
Summary:Two phenotypes are present within the European eel population: broad-heads and narrow-heads. The expression of these phenotypes has been linked to several factors, such as diet and differential growth. The exact factors causing this dimorphism, however, are still unknown. In this study, we performed a feeding experiment on glass eels from the moment they start to feed. Eels were either fed a hard diet, which required biting and spinning behavior, or a soft diet, which required suction feeding. We found that the hard feeders develop a broader head and a larger adductor mandibulae region than eels that were fed a soft diet, implying that the hard feeders are capable of larger bite forces. Next to this, soft feeders develop a sharper and narrower head, which could reduce hydrodynamic drag, allowing more rapid strikes towards their prey. Both phenotypes were found in a control group, which were given a combination of both diets. These phenotypes were, however, not as extreme as the hard or the soft feeding group, indicating that some specimens are more likely to consume hard prey and others soft prey, but that they do not selectively eat one of both diets. In conclusion, we found that diet is a major factor influencing head shape in European eel and this ability to specialize in feeding on hard or soft prey could decrease intra-specific competition in European eel populations.

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