The biogeographic differentiation of algal microbiomes in the upper ocean from pole to pole

This is the final version. Available on open access from nature research via the DOI in this record Data availability: iTAG rDNA Data: https://opendata.earlham.ac. Eukaryotic metatranscriptome data: https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/. (https://doi.org/10.25585/1488054). Eukaryotic phytoplankton are respons...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature Communications
Main Authors: Martin, K, Schmidt, K, Toseland, A, Boulton, CA, Barry, K, Beszteri, B, Brussaard, CPD, Clum, A, Daum, CG, Eloe-Fadrosh, E, Fong, A, Foster, B, Ginzburg, M, Huntemann, M, Ivanova, NN, Kyrpides, NC, Lindquist, E, Mukherjee, S, Palaniappan, K, Reddy, TBK, Rizkallah, MR, Roux, S, Timmermans, K, Tringe, SG, van de Poll, WH, Varghese, N, Valentin, KU, Lenton, TM, Grigoriev, IV, Leggett, RM, Moulton, V, Mock, T
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Nature Research 2021
Subjects:
Antarctic Regions
Arctic Regions
Biodiversity
Carbon Cycle
Climate Change
Gene Ontology
Genetic Variation
Geography
Global Warming
Microalgae
Microbiota
Oceans and Seas
Phytoplankton
RNA
Ribosomal
16S
18S
Sequence Analysis
DNA
Species Specificity
Temperature
Transcriptome
Antarctic
Arctic
Antarc*
Climate change
Global warming
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10871/127934
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25646-9
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Summary:This is the final version. Available on open access from nature research via the DOI in this record Data availability: iTAG rDNA Data: https://opendata.earlham.ac. Eukaryotic metatranscriptome data: https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/. (https://doi.org/10.25585/1488054). Eukaryotic phytoplankton are responsible for at least 20% of annual global carbon fixation. Their diversity and activity are shaped by interactions with prokaryotes as part of complex microbiomes. Although differences in their local species diversity have been estimated, we still have a limited understanding of environmental conditions responsible for compositional differences between local species communities on a large scale from pole to pole. Here, we show, based on pole-to-pole phytoplankton metatranscriptomes and microbial rDNA sequencing, that environmental differences between polar and non-polar upper oceans most strongly impact the large-scale spatial pattern of biodiversity and gene activity in algal microbiomes. The geographic differentiation of co-occurring microbes in algal microbiomes can be well explained by the latitudinal temperature gradient and associated break points in their beta diversity, with an average breakpoint at 14 °C ± 4.3, separating cold and warm upper oceans. As global warming impacts upper ocean temperatures, we project that break points of beta diversity move markedly pole-wards. Hence, abrupt regime shifts in algal microbiomes could be caused by anthropogenic climate change. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) University of East Anglia (UEA) Earlham Institute

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