Rivers as a spatial, social and ritual system of orientation among the Evenks of southeastern Siberia

International audience The Evenks, previously known as Tungus, are essentially reindeer herders and hunters. They live in small groups scattered throughout Siberia and in the north of China. Since the first travelers, for whom they served as guides, the Evenks are well known in the literature for th...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines
Main Author: Lavrillier, Alexandra
Other Authors: Cultures, Environnements, Arctique, Représentations, Climat (CEARC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:Italian
Published: HAL CCSD 2013
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hal.science/hal-01872914
https://doi.org/10.4000/emscat.779
Description
Summary:International audience The Evenks, previously known as Tungus, are essentially reindeer herders and hunters. They live in small groups scattered throughout Siberia and in the north of China. Since the first travelers, for whom they served as guides, the Evenks are well known in the literature for their remarkable sense of orientation; we owe them the first maps of Siberia that they drew on birchbark. Today, in spite of the Tsarist and then Soviet Russia’s policies leading to settle the population, a significant number of Russian and Chinese Evenks are still surviving through hunting and/or herding reindeer. The aim of this article is to show how the Evenk nomadsmove about in, describe and understand their territory. Conceived and organised around the local water ways, the Evenk system of spatial orientation serves also as a reference for kinship relationships and social status. Moreover, symbolically the rivers are for them paths of communication connecting the different worlds, the men and the spirits, as well as the poles of death and life cycle. Les Évenks, essentiellement éleveurs de rennes et chasseurs, connus autrefois sous le nom de Toungouses, vivent éparpillés en petits groupes installés dans toute la Sibérie et dans le nord de la Chine. Depuis les premiers voyageurs, à qui ils servirent souvent de guides, les Évenks sont connus dans la littérature pour leur remarquable sens de l’orientation on leur doit les premières cartes de la Sibérie tracées sur de l’écorce de bouleau. Aujourd’hui, malgré les politiques de la Russie tsariste, puis soviétique, qui ont conduit à une sédentarisation partielle de la population, de nombreux Évenks de Russie et de Chine vivent encore de la chasse et/ou de l’élevage de rennes. Cet article montre comment les Évenks nomades parcourent, décrivent et conçoivent leur espace. Pensé et organisé autour des réseaux hydrographiques, le système d’orientation spatial des Évenks leur sert aussi de trame grâce à laquelle ils gardent en mémoire les relations de parenté entre ...