Prevalence, Molecular Identification, and Risk Factors for Cryptosporidium Infection in Edible Marine Fish: A Survey Across Sea Areas Surrounding France

• Published in: Frontiers in Microbiology
• Main Authors: Certad, Gabriela, Follet, Jérôme, Gantois, Nausicaa, Hammouma-Ghelboun, Ourida, Guyot, Karine, Benamrouz-Vanneste, Sadia, Frealle, Emilie, Seesao, Yuwalee, Delaire, Baptiste, Creusy, Colette, Even, Gaël, Verrez-Bagnis, Véronique, Ryan, Una, Gay, Mélanie, Aliouat-Denis, Cécile, Viscogliosi, Eric
• Other Authors: Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire CHU Lille (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Bio-Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - IEMN (BIOMEMS - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture de Lille (ISA), Université Catholique de Lille - Faculté de gestion, économie et sciences (UCL FGES), Institut Catholique de Lille (ICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Gènes Diffusion Douai, Plateforme d'expertises génomiques appliquées aux sciences expérimentales Lille (PEGASE-Biosciences), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (BRM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems Perth, WA, Australia, Murdoch University-College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education Perth, WA, Australia, Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), This work was supported by the French National Research Agency (Grant No. ANR 2010 ALIA 004-01), the Conseil Regional Hauts-de-France (Concerted Research Actions of Regional Initiative, ARCir 13 ABC FISH No. 13003283), and the regional competitiveness center, AQUIMER (Boulogne s/mer, France). We wish to thank the Ifremer scientific campaigns (PELGAS. , PELMED, EVOHE, and IBTS), We dedicate this article to the memory of Eduardo Dei-Cas Dr. Slapeta for kindly providing us with the DNA from C. molnari-like genotype, and the Fish-Parasites Network.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2019
• Subjects: novel genotypes; European seas; molecular epidemiology; Cryptosporidium; edible marine fish; gp60; phylogeny; 18S rRNA gene; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; North East Atlantic
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-02399606; https://hal.science/hal-02399606/document; https://hal.science/hal-02399606/file/Front%20Microbiol%202019.pdf; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01037

International audience Cryptosporidium, a zoonotic pathogen, is able to infect a wide range of hosts including wild and domestic animals, and humans. Although it is well known that some parasites are both fish pathogens and recognized agents of zoonosis with a public health impact, little information is available concerning the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in wild aquatic environments. To evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in commercially important edible marine fish in different European seas (English channel, North sea, Bay of Biscay, Celtic sea and Mediterranean sea), 1,853 specimens were collected as part of two surveys. Nested PCR followed by sequence analysis at the 18S rRNA gene locus was used to identify Cryptosporidium spp. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in sampled fish reached 2.3% (35 out of 1,508) in a first campaign and 3.2% (11 out of 345) in a second campaign. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of positive samples identified Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 10) and seven genotypes which exhibited between 7.3 and 10.1% genetic distance from C. molnari, with the exception of one genotype which exhibited only 0.5-0.7% genetic distance from C. molnari. Among 31 analyzed fish species, 11 (35.5%) were identified as potential hosts for Cryptosporidium. A higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was observed in larger fish, in fish collected during the spring-summer period, and in those caught in the North East Atlantic. Pollachius virens (saithe) was the most frequently Cryptosporidium positive species. In fish infected by other parasites, the risk of being Cryptosporidium positive increased 10-fold (OR: 9.95, CI: 2.32–40.01.04, P = 0.0002). Four gp60 subtypes were detected among the C. parvum positive samples: IIaA13G1R1, IIaA15G2R1, IIaA17G2R1, and IIaA18G3R1. These C. parvum subtypes have been previously detected in terrestrial mammals and may constitute an additional source of infection for other animals and in particular for humans. Microscopical examination of ...