The geomicrobiology of deep marine sediments from Blake Ridge containing methane hydrate (Sites 994, 995, and 997)

• Main Authors: Wellsbury, Peter, Goodman, K., Cragg, Barry Andrew, Parkes, Ronald John
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Ocean Drilling Program 2000
• Subjects: QE Geology; QR Microbiology; Methane hydrate
• Online Access: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/8679/; http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/164_SR/chap_36/chap_36.htm; https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.164.216.2000

Bacterial populations and activity were quantifid at three sites on the Blake Ridge, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 164, which formed a transect from a point where no bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) was present to an area where a well-developed BSR existed. In near-surface sediments (top ~ 10 mbsf) at Sites 994 and 995, bacterial profiles were similar to previously studied deep-sea sites, with bacterial populations (total and dividing bacteria, viable bacteria, and growth rates [thymidine incorporatio]) highest in surface sedients and decreasing exponentially with depth. The presence of methane hydrate was inferred at depth (~ 190-450 mbsf) within the sediment at all three sites. Associated with these deposits were high concentrations of free methane beneath the inferred base of the hydrate. Bacteria were present in all samples analyzed, to a maximum of 750 mbsf, extending the previous known limit of the deep biosphere in marine sediments by ~ 100 m. Even at this depth, the population was substantial, at 1.8 x 10 (6) cells mL-1. Bacterial populations and numbers of dividing and divided cells were stimulated significantly below the base of the inferred hydrate zone, which may also reflect high concentrations of free gas. Solid methane hydrate, recovered from 331 mbsf at Site 997, contained only 2% of the predicted bacterial population n a sediment from this depth, suggesting reduced bacterial populations in solid hydrate. Bacterial activity in near-surface sediments was dominated by sulfate reduction. Sulfate reduction rates and pore-water sulfate decreased rapidly with depth, concomitant with an accumulation of soild-phase sulfide in the sediment. Once sulfate was depleted (~20-30 mbsf), methane concentrations, methanogenesis, and methane oxidation all increased. Below 100 mbsf, bacterial processes occurred at very low rates. However, bacterial activity increased sharply around 450 mbsf, associated with the base of the inferred hydrate zone and the free-gas zone beneath; anaerobic methane oxidation, methanogenesis ...