| Summary: | Two studies of the quantification of water masses around southern Africa are described in this thesis. The first, a pilot study, is concerned with the volumetric analysis of historic hydrographic data from the region off the South African west coast. It uses data that have been collected with various instruments over a considerable period of time and with relatively poor vertical and horizontal resolution. Nevertheless meaningful and significant results have been obtained: (i) The T/S characteristics of the upwelling domain and the open-ocean are significantly different and show no overlap. Upwelled water is derived from different parts of the South Atlantic Central Water mass. (ii) Upwelled water, irrespective of its particular origin the Central Water mass, eventually is heated to a limit of 23°C. (iii) The volume of water in each bivariate T/S class of Central Water, which is available for upwelling, are constant. This implies that the intensity of upwelling may be estimated from the salinity of the upwelled water only. The second or main study is concerned with the Agulhas Retroflection area. This is located in the broader South-East Atlantic/South West Indian ocean region, which is identified as a serious gap in a previously published fine-scale volumetric census of the world ocean. Recently collected, high quality hydrographic data make it possible to rectify this. This is the principle objective of this thesis. Some results include: I. The subtle differences between the Central water of South Atlantic Ocean origin and that of the South Indian ocean were addressed. These differences are real and distinguishable as is shown using both historic data and high quality hydrographic data. 2. For the first time, reliable quantitative estimates for the warm and thermocline water masses are produced. The warm, saline surface water of the Agulhas Retroflection area contributes very little to the overall volume of the upper 1500 m of the water column. 3. The low salinity water from south of the Subtropical ...
|
|---|