| Summary: | Analysis based on extensive observations of shores on Baffin Island, at Coppermine, and other localities on the north mainland coast and arctic islands of Canada. Populations on rocky shores were found to exist only where shore ice was thinner than tidal amplitude; in the Arctic proper, they are rare and limited to low levels as exemplified from Coronation Gulf - Boothia Peninsula, Admiralty Inlet, etc. In the sub-Arctic they have a mid-littoral zone dominated by Balanus balanoides and fucoids, bordered by infralittoral and supralittoral fringes. Sedimentary shores in the subarctic localities showed dense populations only near low-water level; in the Arctic they are almost barren.
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