| Summary: | Reviews the present state of knowledge of underwater sound obtained from experiments made on drifting stations, T-3, Arlis II, Polar Pack I and Charlie and USCG Northwind in the central Arctic Ocean. The permanent ice cover and the velocity structure strongly influence underwater sound. Ice movement generates background noise and scattering waves from the rough ice boundaries modify propagation, particularly at high frequencies. Drifting ice stations are ideal platforms for hydroacoustical research. What has been learned about propagation, background noise and reverberation and a research program for the future are discussed.
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