Past and Present Distribution of Walruses in Svalbard

Walruses were once very abundant in the Svalbard archipelago. However three and a half centuries of commercial exploitation had caused the walrus to be on the verge of extinction in this region when it finally was totally protected in 1952. Since the mid-1980s walruses have again been commonly seen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ARCTIC
Main Authors: Gjertz, Ian, Wiig, Øystein
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Arctic Institute of North America 1994
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Online Access:https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64324
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Summary:Walruses were once very abundant in the Svalbard archipelago. However three and a half centuries of commercial exploitation had caused the walrus to be on the verge of extinction in this region when it finally was totally protected in 1952. Since the mid-1980s walruses have again been commonly seen in parts of Svalbard. Based on information from literature, interviews and field observations, we attempt to identify in which areas of Svalbard, both historically and presently, walruses most frequently are observed and indicate the presence of all known walrus haul-out sites in the archipelago. Our study shows that walruses most frequently have been encountered during summer in four main areas. The results further indicate that walruses in Svalbard are predominantly males. Females and calves are, when encountered, mostly found in the extreme northeast part of Svalbard, neighboring the Russian archipelago Franz Josef Land. We discuss the possibility of migrations occurring between these two geographical areas and suggest that walruses in these two archipelagos are part of one common stock.Key words: walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, Svalbard, distribution Les morses abondaient autrefois dans l'archipel du Svalbard, mais trois siècles et demi d'exploitation commerciale avaient amené cette espèce animale au bord de l'extinction dans cette région, quand elle fut finalement déclarée espèce protégée en 1952. Depuis le milieu des années 80, les morses sont de nouveau observés couramment dans diverses parties du Svalbard. En s'appuyant sur des documents publiés, des interviews et des observations sur le terrain, on tente d'identifier les régions du Svalbard où l'on a observé ces animaux, dans le passé et de nos jours, et d'indiquer la présence de tous les sites connus où abordent les morses dans l'archipel. Notre étude révèle qu'on a aperçu le plus souvent les morses durant l'été dans quatre grandes régions. Les résultats indiquent en outre que les morses du Svalbard sont en majorité des mâles. L'observation de femelles et de petits a été faite en majorité aux confins nord-est du Svalbard, jouxtant l'archipel russe François-Joseph. On discute de la possibilité de migrations se produisant entre ces deux régions géographiques et on suggère que les morses peuplant ces deux archipels font partie d'une population commune.Mots clés: morse, Odobenus rosmarus, Svalbard, repartition