The Archaeology and Petrology of Coal Artifacts from a Thule Settlement on Axel Heiberg Island, Arctic Canada

Coal artifacts are occasionally excavated by archaeologists from Thule culture settlements (c. A.D. 1100-1700) in the Canadian Arctic and Alaska. This study examines two such artifacts from a Thule settlement located on the east coast of Axel Heiberg Island, Canada. One specimen has a petrographic c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ARCTIC
Main Authors: Kalkreuth, Wolfgang, Sutherland, Patricia D.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Arctic Institute of North America 1998
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/view/64133
Description
Summary:Coal artifacts are occasionally excavated by archaeologists from Thule culture settlements (c. A.D. 1100-1700) in the Canadian Arctic and Alaska. This study examines two such artifacts from a Thule settlement located on the east coast of Axel Heiberg Island, Canada. One specimen has a petrographic composition typical of a cannel shale, in which sporinite is the most abundant organic constituent; the other is characterized by Botryococcus-alginite bodies typical of a boghead coal. Nearby exposures of Tertiary coal are generally woody and are not known to contain boghead layers or cannel shales. It is suggested that these artifacts may have their origin in Alaska, where boghead coal and cannel shales show strikingly similar petrographic features. Il arrive que des artefacts de charbon soient mis à jour lors de fouilles archéologiques dans les sites de peuplement de la culture Thulé (v. 1100-1700 apr. J.-C.) dans l'Arctique canadien et en Alaska. La présente étude se penche sur deux de ces artefacts provenant d'un site de peuplement Thulé qui se trouve sur la côte est de l'île Axel Heiberg, au Canada. Un des objets a une composition pétrographique typique d'un schiste sapropélique, dans lequel la sporinite est le constituant organique dominant; l'autre artefact se caractérise par la présence d'organismes d'alginite-Botryococcus typique d'un boghead. Des affleurements voisins de charbon datant du tertiaire sont généralement ligneux et ne contiennent pas, à ce que l'on sache, de couches de boghead ou de schistes sapropéliques. On suggère que ces artefacts pourraient venir de l'Alaska, où le boghead et les schistes sapropéliques offrent une similarité frappante des caractéristiques pétrographiques.