| Summary: | In its recent practice, the Court of Justice of the European Union has held that European Free Trade Association (EFTA) nationals enjoy the same level of protection against extradition to a third state as EU citizens. This article analyses the reasoning of the Court and establishes a link with previous decisions on extradition matters. The author concludes that the test for extradition is still forming and its application lacks clarity and consistency. Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russia Anastasia Turkina – PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Russia). anastasiya.turkina@gmail.com 131 140 1 Agreement on extradition between the European Union and the United States of America of 25 June 2003 (O.J. 2003 L 181, 19.07.2003). Agreement on the European Economic Area (O.J. L 1, 3.01.1994). Böse M., Mutual recognition, extradition to third countries and Union citizenship: Petruhhin, “Common Market Law Review” 2017, vol. 54, no 6. Costa M. J., The emerging EU extradition Law. Petruhhin and beyond, “New Journal of European Criminal Law” 2017, vol. 8, no 2. Council Decision (EU) No 2014/835 of 27 November 2014 on the conclusion of the Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway on the surrender procedure between the Member States of the European Union and Iceland and Norway (O.J. 2014 L 343, 28.11.2014). Council Framework Decision (JHA) 2002/584 of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States (O.J. L 190, 18.7.2002). Coutts S., From Union citizens to national subjects: Pisciotti, “Common Market Law Review” 2019, vol. 56, no 2. European Convention on Extradition, signed in Paris on 13 December 1957. Judgment of CJEU of 10 April 2018 on the case of Romano Pisciotti v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C 191/16. Judgment of CJEU of 2 April 2020 on the case of criminal proceedings against I.N., C 897/19 PPU. Judgment of CJEU of 6 September 2016 on the case of proceedings relating to the extradition of Aleksei Petruhhin, C 182/15. Opinion of Advocate General Tanchev of 27 February 2020 on the case Ruska Federacija v I.N., C 897/19 PPU, points 78–79. Order of CJEU of 6 September 2017 on the case Peter Schotthöfer & Florian Steiner GbR v Eugen Adelsmayr, C 473/15. Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person (O.J. L 180, 29.06.2013). Договор между Российской Федерацией и Латвийской Республикой о правовой помощи и правовых отношениях по гражданским, семейным и уголовным делам от 03.02.1993. (Dogovor miezdu Rossiiskoi Fiedieraciei I Latviiskoi Respublikoi o pravovoi pomoszczi i pravovych otnoszeniach po grazdanskim, siemieinym I ugolovnym dielam ot 03.02.1993). 26
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