| Summary: | 1. We examine collective action in the food system of the Canadian Maritimes to determine its effect on the resilience and adaptive capacity of food producers, distributors, retailers and governance institutions. 2. Our data suggest that beyond their immediate benefits for their participants, expressions of collective action generate higher-level impacts which often translate into drivers of adaptive capacity. 3. Drawing on a metaphor from urban design, we suggest that collective action should be considered a desire line for food systems adaptation: rather than building adaptation strategies based on top-down design, collective action emerges from farmers’ needs and capacities to build financial resilience, enhance human and social capital and strengthen institutional agency within the system. Acknowledgements: The authors express their deep gratitude to all the participants who volunteered their precious time, expertise, and kindness to this research. Thanks to the Mi'kmaq and Maliseet nations, on whose unceded territory the Climate Resilience on Maritime Farms project takes place. Thanks as well to the friends at Community Forests International and the McGill Land and Food Lab, who provided companionship and workspace; and to Günther Grill and Penny Beames, for the GIS help. Thanks to the Rhodes Trust (UK) and the Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation (Canada) for their unwavering support of B.S. Yes
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