Multiscale bioacoustic methods : specific, popultionnal, individual and behavioral

• Main Author: Poupard, Marion
• Other Authors: Laboratoire Conception de Systèmes Mécaniques et Robotiques - EA 7398 (COSMER), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire d'Informatique et des Systèmes (LIS) (Marseille, Toulon) (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulon, Hervé Glotin, Thierry Soriano
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2020
• Subjects: Bioacoustics; Big data; Specie; Population; Localisation; Unsupervised learning; Supervised learning; Bioacoustique populationnelle; Bioacoustique comportementale; Signaux stationnaires; Signaux transitoires; Apprentissage supervisé; Apprentissage non supervisé; Bioacoustique spécifique; Bioacoustique individuelle; [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]; [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic; Orca
• Online Access: https://theses.hal.science/tel-03287502; https://theses.hal.science/tel-03287502/document; https://theses.hal.science/tel-03287502/file/POUPARD_2020TOUL0015.pdf

The objective of this thesis is to make different methodological contributions in bioacoustics for the study of fauna. Bioacoustics is a recent multidisciplinary science and is very effective for studying and classifying an ecosystem. Many past studies have developed acoustical methods to analyze wildlife across (1) specific, (2) populational, (3) individual and (4) behavioral scales. The research presented in this thesis aims to study different case methods in the four scales of analysis listed above while also setting up tools from the setup of the acquisition material to the analysis of the data for all the aforementioned scales, and finally the discussion of the studies and putting them into perspective. In this study, (1) specific bioacoustics were illustrated by the automatic classification of orcas, sperm whales, and birds. The acoustic classification of orca clans were studied for (2) population analysis. Then the scale was refined and (3) individual acoustic emissions were studied through three different case studies : the individual locations of orcas, sperm whales, and birds. The last scale evaluated was (4) behavioral bioacoustics which aimed to correlate behaviors with acoustic emissions. In order to correlate certain behaviors with acoustic emissions, the influence of maritime traffic on pantropical spotted dolphins and the impact of chemical stimuli in humpbacks were evaluated and recorded. We deliberately chose to select a diverse pool of species that would produce a variety of different signals (stationary vs. transient) and had evolved in different environments (marine vs. terrestrial). This allows us to standardize analysis methods in order to facilitate the development of new studies in bioacoustics. Each case study showed interesting results in terms of bioacoustics and behavioral ecology. These results were compared with past studies which can be found in the bibliography. The results of each case study validated the methods proposed in this thesis. In particular, our study yielded ...