Genetic and morphological divergence in the warm-water planktonic foraminifera genus Globigerinoides

• Published in: PLOS ONE
• Main Authors: Morard, Raphael, Füllberg, Angelina, Brummer, Geert-Jan, Greco, Mattia, Jonkers, Lukas, Wizemann, André, Weiner, Agnes, Darling, Kate, Siccha, Michael, Ledevin, Ronan, Kitazato, Hiroshi, de Garidel-Thoron, Thibault, de Vargas, Colomban, Kucera, Michal
• Other Authors: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University Utrecht, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), University of Edinburgh (Edin.), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff = Roscoff Marine Station (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom (NER/J/S2000/00860 and NE/D009707/1), the Leverhulme Trust and the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, from DFG-Research Center/Cluster of Excellence ‘The Ocean in the Earth System’, from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft KU2259/19 and through the Cluster of Excellence “The Ocean Floor – Earth’s Uncharted Interface”., ANR-09-BLAN-0348,POSEIDON(2009), ANR-06-JCJC-0142,PALEO-CTD,PALeo-Hydroloy : Exploiting Oceanic Cryptic Taxonomic Diversity of planktonic foraminifera(2006)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2019
• Subjects: Paleogenetics; Taxonomy; Plankton; Cryptic speciation; Morphogenesis; Phylogenetic analysis; Phylogeography; Phylogenetics; [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity; [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; Planktonic foraminifera
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-02412791; https://hal.science/hal-02412791/document; https://hal.science/hal-02412791/file/journal.pone.0225246.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225246

International audience The planktonic foraminifera genus Globigerinoides provides a prime example of a species-rich genus in which genetic and morphological divergence are uncorrelated. To shed light on the evolutionary processes that lead to the present-day diversity of Globigerinoides, we investigated the genetic, ecological and morphological divergence of its constituent species. We assembled a global collection of single-cell barcode sequences and show that the genus consists of eight distinct genetic types organized in five extant morphospecies. Based on morphological evidence, we reassign the species Globoturborotalita tenella to Globigerinoides and amend Globigerinoides ruber by formally proposing two new subspe-cies, G. ruber albus n.subsp. and G. ruber ruber in order to express their subspecies level distinction and to replace the informal G. ruber "white" and G. ruber "pink", respectively. The genetic types within G. ruber and Globigerinoides elongatus show a combination of ende-mism and coexistence, with little evidence for ecological differentiation. CT-scanning and ontogeny analysis reveal that the diagnostic differences in adult morphologies could be explained by alterations of the ontogenetic trajectories towards final (reproductive) size. This indicates that heterochrony may have caused the observed decoupling between genetic and morphological diversification within the genus. We find little evidence for environmental forcing of either the genetic or the morphological diversification, which allude to biotic interactions such as symbiosis, as the driver of speciation in Globigerinoides.