Lipophilic toxins occurrence in non-traditional invertebrate vectors from North Atlantic Waters (Azores, Madeira, and Morocco): Update on geographical tendencies and new challenges for monitoring routines

• Published in: Marine Pollution Bulletin
• Main Authors: Silva, Marisa, Rodríguez, Inés, Barreiro, Aldo, Kaufmann, Manfred, Neto, Ana I., Hassouani, Meryem, Sabour, Brahim, Alfonso, Amparo, Botana, Luis M., Vasconcelos, Vitor
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2020
• Subjects: Azaspiracids; Pectenotoxins; Yessotoxins; Spirolides; New Vectors; North Atlantic; Bia; Miguel Islands
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/5915; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111725

In the last decades, due to monitoring programs and strict legislation poisoning incidents occurrence provoked by ingestion of naturally contaminated marine organisms has decreased. However, climate change and anthropogenic interference contributed to the expansion and establishment of toxic alien species to more temperate ecosystems. In this work, the coasts of Madeira, São Miguel islands and the northwestern Moroccan coast were surveyed for four groups of lipophilic toxins (yessotoxins, azaspiracids, pectenotoxins, and spirolides), searching for new vectors and geographical tendencies. Twenty-four species benthic organisms were screened using UHPLC-MS/MS technique. We report 19 new vectors for these toxins, six of them with commercial interest (P. aspera, P. ordinaria, C. lampas, P. pollicipes, H. tuberculata and P. lividus). Regarding toxin uptake a south-north gradient was detected. This study contributes to the update of monitoring routines and legislation policies, comprising a wider range of vectors, to better serve consumers and ecosystems preservation. This research was partially funded by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT) project UID/Multi/04423/2013 and by the projects ALERTOXNET (EAPA_317/2016), funded by the Interreg Atlantic program. The research leading to these results has received funding from the following FEDER co-funded-grants. From Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia, 2017 GRC GI1682 (ED431C 2017/01). From CDTI and Technological Funds, supported by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad AGL2014-58210- R, AGL2016-78728-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), ISCIII/PI16/01830 and RTC2016-5507-2, ITC-20161072. From European Union POCTEP 0161- Nanoeaters-1-E-1, Interreg Agritox EAPA-998-2018. Additional funding was provided by National Funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under the projects UID/BIA/00329/2013, 2015–2018 and UID/BIA/00329/2019. This is a contribution to project MIMAR MAC/ 4.6d/066 funded by the EU program INTERREG MAC 2014-2020. MS acknowledges FCT (SFRH/BD/73269/2010). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion