| Summary: | International audience Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) are very contagious viral diseases leading to high mortality mainly, but not exclusively, in young salmonid fish. Although research on vaccine development has been ongoing for more than four decades, no mass delivery vaccine against these two important pathogens is yet available. Several candidate vaccines, based on inactivated virus, recombinant G protein, attenuated virus strains, and DNA vectors have been proved to be efficient to induce specific and long-lasting protective immunity in fish. A DNA vaccine against IHNV has recently been licensed for commercial use in Atlantic salmon in Canada. Nevertheless, the commercialization of this vaccine in Europe is not approved and a mass delivery system for vaccination of fish fry is required. In parallel, reverse genetics systems have allowed the generation of promising multivalent live attenuated vaccines. Additional work is needed to improve the safety of such vaccines.
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