The Exploitation of Wetland Ecosystems by Herbivores on Bylot Island

We examine the interactions between herbivores, plants and climatic factors in arctic wetlands using, as a case study, results of our research on grazing by snow geese on Bylot Island. During the summer, geese are the most important herbivore on the island and consume a high proportion of the annual...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gauthier, Gilles, Rochefort, Line, Reed, Austin
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Geological Association of Canada 1996
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/GC/article/view/3923
Description
Summary:We examine the interactions between herbivores, plants and climatic factors in arctic wetlands using, as a case study, results of our research on grazing by snow geese on Bylot Island. During the summer, geese are the most important herbivore on the island and consume a high proportion of the annual graminoid production (grasses and sedges). Herbivores can sometimes enhance plant production by increasing the turnover rate of nitrogen, a nutrient which commonly limits growth of arctic plants. However, we found no evidence of positive feedback of grazing on plant growth and, on the contrary, chronic goose grazing tended to decrease production of these ecosystems in the long term. Geese need large quantities of high-quality plants to breed successfully, and negative effects on goose reproduction as a result of lack of food were detected. Herbivore populations are also influenced by climatic factors, either directly or indirectly through effects on plant growth. It is likely that tundra plant-herbivore systems will be strongly affected by future climatic changes. Résumé Nous examinons les interactions entre les herbivores, les plantes et les facteurs climatiques dans les terres humides arctiques en utilisant nos recherches sur le broutement par les oies des neiges à l'île Bylot comme étude de cas. Durant l'été, les oies sont les herbivores les plus importants de l'île et elles consomment une forte proportion de la production annuelle de graminoides. Les herbivores peuvent parfois stimuler la production végétale en augmentant le taux de recyclage de l'azote, un nutriment qui limite fréquemment la croissance des plantes arctiques. Cependant, nous n'avons pas trouvé d'évidence de rétroaction positive du broutement sur la croissance des plantes et, au contraire, le broutement chronique par les oies semblait diminuer la production de ces écosystèmes. Les oies ont besoin d'une grande quantité de plantes de haute qualité pour se reproduire avec succès, et des effets dépendants de la densité sur leur succès reproducteur ...