A tale of agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers: Exploring the thrifty genotype hypothesis in native South Americans
Objectives: To determine genetic differences between agriculturalist and hunter-gatherer southern Native American populations for selected metabolism-related markers and to test whether Neel's thrifty genotype hypothesis (TGH) could explain the genetic patterns observed in these populations. Ma...
| Published in: | American Journal of Physical Anthropology |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley-liss, Div John Wiley & Sons Inc
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://suquia.ffyh.unc.edu.ar/handle/11336/63293 http://hdl.handle.net/11336/63293 |
| Summary: | Objectives: To determine genetic differences between agriculturalist and hunter-gatherer southern Native American populations for selected metabolism-related markers and to test whether Neel's thrifty genotype hypothesis (TGH) could explain the genetic patterns observed in these populations. Materials and Methods: 375 Native South American individuals from 17 populations were genotyped using six markers (APOE rs429358 and rs7412; APOA2 rs5082; CD36 rs3211883; TCF7L2 rs11196205; and IGF2BP2 rs11705701). Additionally, APOE genotypes from 39 individuals were obtained from the literature. AMOVA, main effects, and gene-gene interaction tests were performed. Results: We observed differences in allele distribution patterns between agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers for some markers. For instance, between-groups component of genetic variance (FCT) for APOE rs429358 showed strong differences in allelic distributions between hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists (p = 0.00196). Gene-gene interaction analysis indicated that the APOE E4/CD36 TT and APOE E4/IGF2BP2 A carrier combinations occur at a higher frequency in hunter-gatherers, but this combination is not replicated in archaic (Neanderthal and Denisovan) and ancient (Anzick, Saqqaq, Ust-Ishim, Mal'ta) hunter-gatherer individuals. Discussion: A complex scenario explains the observed frequencies of the tested markers in hunter-gatherers. Different factors, such as pleotropic alleles, rainforest selective pressures, and population dynamics, may be collectively shaping the observed genetic patterns. We conclude that although TGH seems a plausible hypothesis to explain part of the data, other factors may be important in our tested populations. Fil: Reales, Guillermo. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Rovaris, Diego L. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Jacovas, Vanessa C. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Hünemeier, Tábita. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Sandoval, José R. Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Facultad de Medicina Humana; Perú Fil: Salazar Granara, Alcibiades. Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Facultad de Medicina Humana; Perú Fil: Demarchi, Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Tarazona Santos, Eduardo. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Felkl, Aline B. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Serafini, Michele A. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Salzano, Francisco M. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Bisso Machado, Rafael. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Comas, David. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España Fil: Paixão Côrtes, Vanessa R. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Brasil Fil: Bortolini, Maria Catira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil |
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