Vprašanje hrvaške etnogeneze : problemi, teorije in razvoj identitete

• Main Author: Sekne, Aljaž
• Other Authors: Mlacović, Dušan
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: etnogeneza; zgodnji srednji vek; identitete; etničnost; Hrvati; ethnogenesis; early medieval period; identities; ethnicity; Croats; sami
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=111386; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=123225&dn=

Diplomsko delo se osredotoča na razvoj zgodnjesrednjeveške hrvaške identitete, ki leži v samem jedru hrvaškega zgodovinopisja in ki je bil skozi čas deležen velike pozornosti tako domače kot tuje raziskovalne stroke. To je rezultiralo v nastanku številnih modelov in teorij skozi čas, ki so povečinoma redukcionistične »velike pripovedi«, ki ne ustrezajo sami naravi identitet kot takih. Identitete (sploh etnične) so izredno kompleksni fenomeni, ki za obstoj potrebujejo stalno komunikacijo z »zunanjim« in niso zgolj neka danost znotraj identitetne skupnosti, temveč so rezultat »komunikacije identitete«, ki jih zasledimo v virih. Prav tako zgodnjesrednjeveških identitet ne moremo konkretno ločevati, saj lahko (objektivne) kriterije za določene identitete (mestne) nemoteno apliciramo tudi na druge (vojaške itd.), hkrati pa so različne identitete med seboj v recipročnem odnosu, zato smo jih posledično primorani raziskovati skupaj. Kljub temu da Hrvate že v 7. stoletje kronološko postavlja De Administrando Imperio, delo, ki je nastalo v 10. stoletju, metodološko gledano o hrvaški identiteti ne moremo govoriti, preden se ta pojavi v sočasnih virih, kar pa je sredi 9. stoletja. Na razvoj hrvaške identitete sta vplivala dva faktorja: umik Frankov iz jugovzhodne Evrope tekom 9. stoletja, kar je spodbudilo tendence po politični afirmaciji regionalnih elit, ter izjemen trgovski vzpon vzhodnega Jadrana, ki je omogočil kopičenje bogastva. To so izkoriščali razni regionalni vladarji, ki so se posluževali piratstva in s tem krepili svoj vpliv, kar pa je igralo osrednjo vlogo tudi pri širjenju identitete. The following thesis focuses on the formation of early medieval Croatian identity, which lies at the core of Croatian historiography. Through time, the topic has received a lot of attention from domestic as well as from foreign experts, which resulted in the making of various models and theories that are mostly reductionist metanarratives not corresponding to the nature of identities as such. Identities (especially ethnic) are extremely complex phenomena that need constant communication with the ''outside'' in order to function and are not something that is self-evidently ''given'' and existing inside the group but are, on the contrary, the result of the ''communication of identity'' which we can detect in our sources. Likewise, it is not possible to differentiate concretely between various early medieval identitites because objective criteria for one identity (e.g. civic) can easily be applied to another (e.g. military etc.). Besides, identities have a reciprocal relationship, and therefore need to be studied together. Although De Administrando Imperio, written in the 10th century, chronologically places Croats in the 7th century, Croatian identity cannot be spoken of before its mention in the contemporary sources, which is in the middle of the 9th century. Two factors were important for the formation of Croatian identity: the withdrawal of Frankish influence from southeastern Europe in the course of the 9th century, which stimulated the tendencies for the political affirmation of the regional elites, and the commercial ascent of Eastern Adriatic, which enabled the accumulation of wealth. The latter was exploited by local rulers who made use of piracy to gain influence. Their growing influence was central for the diffusion of identity.