Standard of hygiene and immune adaptation in newborn infants
The prevalence of immune-mediated diseases, such as allergies and type 1 diabetes, is on the rise in the developed world. In order to explore differences in the gene expression patterns induced in utero in infants born in contrasting standards of living and hygiene, we collected umbilical cord blood...
Published in: | Clinical Immunology |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2014
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11370/93285ea5-cae9-42ab-a4ee-e5b2bd66e476 https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/93285ea5-cae9-42ab-a4ee-e5b2bd66e476 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.009 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/117134630/Standard_of_hygiene_and_immune_adaptation_in_newborn_infants.pdf |
Summary: | The prevalence of immune-mediated diseases, such as allergies and type 1 diabetes, is on the rise in the developed world. In order to explore differences in the gene expression patterns induced in utero in infants born in contrasting standards of living and hygiene, we collected umbilical cord blood RNA samples from infants born in Finland (modern society), Estonia (rapidly developing society) and the Republic of Karelia, Russia (poor economic conditions). The whole blood transcriptome of Finnish and Estonian neonates differed from their Karelian counterparts, suggesting exposure to toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and a more matured immune response in infants born in Karelia. These results further support the concept of a conspicuous plasticity in the developing immune system: the environmental factors that play a role in the susceptibility/protection towards immune-mediated diseases begin to shape the neonatal immunity already in utero and direct the maturation in accordance with the surrounding microbial milieu. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
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