Multiple trans-Arctic passages in the red alga Phycodrys rubens:evidence from nuclear rDNA ITS sequences

In order to investigate how episodes of geological and climatic change have influenced the distribution and evolutionary diversification of Arctic to cold temperate-North Atlantic seaweed species, intraspecific genetic variation was analyzed among isolates of the sublittoral, benthic red alga Phycod...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine Biology
Main Authors: van Oppen, MJH, Draisma, SGA, Olsen, JL, Stam, WT
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 1995
Subjects:
INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS
RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES
PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS
NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES
DNA
CHLOROPHYTA
RHODOPHYTA
ATLANTIC
BIOGEOGRAPHY
INTERCHANGE
Arctic
Bering Strait
Norway
Pacific
Ice Sheet
Newfoundland
North Atlantic
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/11370/1b812da6-7041-4298-afdc-1869da937f4a
https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/multiple-transarctic-passages-in-the-red-alga-phycodrys-rubens(1b812da6-7041-4298-afdc-1869da937f4a).html
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00350338
Description
Summary:In order to investigate how episodes of geological and climatic change have influenced the distribution and evolutionary diversification of Arctic to cold temperate-North Atlantic seaweed species, intraspecific genetic variation was analyzed among isolates of the sublittoral, benthic red alga Phycodrys rubens (collected between June 1992 and January 1994). Rooted phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and the plastid encoded Rubisco spacer sequences suggest that P. rubens invaded the North Atlantic from the Pacific shortly after the opening of the Bering Strait (3 to 3.5 million years ago), colonizing both the western and eastern Atlantic coasts. Based on these data we further hypothesize that P. rubens survived along the European coasts during the more recent Pleistocene glaciations, while becoming locally extinct along the North American Atlantic coasts. Following retraction of the last ice sheet, the western Atlantic coast was colonized a second time from the Pacific. The presence of two distinct genetic types (based on ITS and Rubisco sequences) along the European coasts is postulated to be a result of isolation and subsequent differentiation. This is likely because ice-free areas are known to have existed in northern Scotland and Norway during the last glaciation. The presence of an East Atlantic genetic type along the West Atlantic coast is believed to be a recent introduction (caused by human activity) of P. rubens to Newfoundland.

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