Thresholds for noise induced hearing loss in harbor porpoises and phocid seals

Intense sound sources, such as pile driving, airguns, and military sonars, have the potential to inflict hearing loss in marine mammals and are, therefore, regulated in many countries. The most recent criteria for noise induced hearing loss are based on empirical data collected until 2015 and recomm...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Main Authors: Tougaard, Jakob, Beedholm, Kristian, Madsen, Peter T.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2022
Subjects:
Acoustic Stimulation
Animals
Auditory Fatigue
Hearing Loss
Noise-Induced/diagnosis
Noise/adverse effects
Phoca
Phocoena/physiology
Psychoacoustics
Sound Spectrography
Phoca vitulina
Phocoena phocoena
Online Access:https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/thresholds-for-noise-induced-hearing-loss-in-harbor-porpoises-and-phocid-seals(32376e10-36c6-443d-99c7-e4b0345339a9).html
https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0011560
https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/333076833/4252_1_online.pdf
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85133661211&partnerID=8YFLogxK
Description
Summary:Intense sound sources, such as pile driving, airguns, and military sonars, have the potential to inflict hearing loss in marine mammals and are, therefore, regulated in many countries. The most recent criteria for noise induced hearing loss are based on empirical data collected until 2015 and recommend frequency-weighted and species group-specific thresholds to predict the onset of temporary threshold shift (TTS). Here, evidence made available after 2015 in light of the current criteria for two functional hearing groups is reviewed. For impulsive sounds (from pile driving and air guns), there is strong support for the current threshold for very high frequency cetaceans, including harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Less strong support also exists for the threshold for phocid seals in water, including harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). For non-impulsive sounds, there is good correspondence between exposure functions and empirical thresholds below 10 kHz for porpoises (applicable to assessment and regulation of military sonars) and between 3 and 16 kHz for seals. Above 10 kHz for porpoises and outside of the range 3-16 kHz for seals, there are substantial differences (up to 35 dB) between the predicted thresholds for TTS and empirical results. These discrepancies call for further studies.

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