Higher-than-present medieval pine (Pinus sylvestris) treeline along the Swedish scandes

The upper treeline of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is renowned as a sensitive indicator of climate change and variability. By use of megafossil tree remains, preserved exposed on the ground surface, treeline shift over the past millennium was investigated at multiple sites along the Scandes in n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Landscape Online
Main Author: Kullman, Leif
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap 2015
Subjects:
Climate change
Little ice age
Medieval warm period
Megafossils
Pinus sylvestris
Swedish scandes
Treeline
Climate Research
Klimatforskning
Ecology
Ekologi
Fennoscandia
Greenland
Northern Sweden
Online Access:http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-212352
https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.201542
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Summary:The upper treeline of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is renowned as a sensitive indicator of climate change and variability. By use of megafossil tree remains, preserved exposed on the ground surface, treeline shift over the past millennium was investigated at multiple sites along the Scandes in northern Sweden. Difference in thermal level between the present and the Medieval period, about AD 1000-1200, is a central, although controversial, aspect concerning the detection and attribution of anthropogenic climate warming. Radiocarbon-dated megafossil pines revealed that the treeline was consistently positioned as much as 115 m higher during the Medieval period than today (AD 2000-2010), after a century of warming and substantial treeline upshift. Drawing on the last-mentioned figure, and a lapse rate of 0.6 o C/100 m, it may be inferred that Medieval summer temperatures were about 0.7 o C warmer than much of the past 100 years. Extensive pine mortality and treeline descent after the Medieval warming peak reflect substantially depressed temperatures during the Little Ice Age. Warmer-than-present conditions during the Medieval period concur with temperature reconstructions from different parts of northern Fennoscandia, northwestern Russia and Greenland. Modern warming has not been sufficient to restore Medieval treelines. Against this background, there is little reason to view further modest warming as unnatural.

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