| Summary: | Overall confidence for what is already happening is medium (evidence and agreement). There is an increasing amount of data to suggest that certain elements of North Atlantic circulation are in an exceptional state, yet the precise attribution and mechanisms for these long-term trends and the modern AMOC state remain very uncertain. For better knowledge of North West European Shelf Seas circulation, a coordinated program of observations is needed. The largest unknowns are perhaps related more to the biogeochemistry and productivity and annual cycle measurements of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles are needed.
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