| Summary: | Climate changes, such as global warming and ocean acidification, are projected to affect survival, growth, and metabolic and physiological activities in marine calcifiers. To improve understanding of the future climate and its impact on marine calcifiers, development of environmental and ecological proxies by using culture experimental and isotope geochemical approaches are important. This review undertook recent advances in (1) culture experimental study that has implications for understanding the evolution of biomineralization and future impact on marine calcifiers, and in (2) environmental and ecological proxies by using stable and radio isotopes of biogenic carbonate to enhance understanding of the climate reconstruction and physiological effect under changing environment. The use of cultured specimens under well-controlled environmental conditions for geochemical studies will improve the application of environmental proxies, and will also be applicable for the estimation of carbon assimilation and physiological effect on calcification. In addition, micro-volume stable isotopic analysis will contribute to ensuring the reliability of international standard reference materials of carbonate and to promote high-resolution environmental reconstruction in collaboration with various research fields. journal article
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