Êtres libres ou sauvages à civiliser ?

In the 1850s, the Canadian federal government began implementing the system of residential schools as part of its program of "civilization" of Natives and Inuits. In Quebec, the schools opened a century later and were managed, until their closure, by Catholic clergy. In the literature on t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »
Main Author: Bousquet, Marie-Pierre
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:French
Published: Presses universitaires de Rennes 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journals.openedition.org/rhei/3415
Description
Summary:In the 1850s, the Canadian federal government began implementing the system of residential schools as part of its program of "civilization" of Natives and Inuits. In Quebec, the schools opened a century later and were managed, until their closure, by Catholic clergy. In the literature on this topic, which has often focused on the psychological and physical abuse, one perspective has been poorly developed : the idea that the Euro-Canadian conception of being a child and of education conflicted with that of the Natives. I defend this proposition using the example of the residential school of Amos, in the Abitibi, building on interviews with Algonquin former students. After explaining the Canadian project of assimilation, I examine both the Algonquin conception of education and that of the clergy in charge of the school. Finally, I suggest that education in Canadian schools is still not well adapted to Native ways of thinking. À partir des années 1850, le gouvernement fédéral canadien mit en œuvre le système des pensionnats autochtones, dans le cadre de son programme de « civilisation » des Amérindiens et des Inuits. Au Québec, ces pensionnats ouvrirent un siècle plus tard et furent gérés, jusqu’à leur fermeture, par des religieux catholiques. Dans la littérature sur le sujet, souvent focalisée sur les abus psychologiques et physiques, une perspective a été peu développée : l’idée que la conception eurocanadienne de la condition d’enfant et de l’éducation entrait en conflit avec celle des autochtones. Je défends cette proposition en prenant l’exemple du pensionnat indien d’Amos, en Abitibi, dont j’ai interviewé d’anciens élèves algonquins. Après avoir expliqué le projet d’assimilation canadien, j’examine d’une part la conception algonquine de l’éducation, d’autre part celle des religieux en charge des pensionnats. Enfin, je suggère que l’éducation dans les écoles canadiennes est toujours peu adaptée aux façons de penser amérindiennes.