De l’ojibwa au dakota : pour une analyse transformationnelle des langues amérindiennes

From Ojibwa to Dakota: the analysis of North American Indian languages according to concept of transformation. Since linguists tried to classify the languages of the New World they were using the same genetical model which lays at the base of the classification of Indo-European languages. Recent wor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal de la société des américanistes
Main Authors: Désveaux, Emmanuel, Fornel, Michel de
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:French
Published: Société des américanistes 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journals.openedition.org/jsa/3147
Description
Summary:From Ojibwa to Dakota: the analysis of North American Indian languages according to concept of transformation. Since linguists tried to classify the languages of the New World they were using the same genetical model which lays at the base of the classification of Indo-European languages. Recent works have pointed out the limitations of this perspective by seriously challenging previous assumptions about the so-called « consensus » classification of North American languages. The aim of this paper is to propose a radical new typological approach to the diversity of Native languages, which is directly inspired by Lévi-Strauss’ Mythologiques and his concept of transformation. As with mythology, the semantical dimension of phenomena prevails. A comparison between the grammars of an Algonquian and a Siouan languages will serve as a first illustration of the logical transformations linking two language families which so far have been considered to be fundamentally distinct. A parallel appears between the results obtained and those stemming from a comparison between the main ritualistic manifestations of Sioux culture, on one hand, and Subarctic Algonquian culture, on the other one. De l’ojibwa au dakota : pour une analyse transformationnelle des langues amérindiennes. On a pendant longtemps tenté d’établir une classification des langues du Nouveau Monde sur une base génétique, en transposant les méthodes qui ont consacré le succès de la grammaire comparée. Des travaux récents ont toutefois montré les limites de cette approche tout en remettant en cause les idées précédemment admises sur la classification dite « consensuelle » des langues nord-américaines. L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une approche typologique radicalement nouvelle de la diversité des langues nord-américaines en s’inspirant directement des Mythologiques de Lévi-Strauss et de son concept de transformation. Comme avec la mythologie, la dimension sémantique doit être prise en compte. Une comparaison entre les grammaires d’une langue ...