The First “Scientific Photographs” of a Sperm Whale (1890) : Francisco Afonso Chaves and the Wonderful Inaccuracy of Image

In 1890, in Paris, a text entitled « Des formes extérieures du Cachalot » was published, signed by G. Pouchet and F.-A. Chaves and illustrated with three drawings and three photographs. These are advertised as “the first scientific photographs of the whale.” Through them it is finally possible to “f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Images re-vues
Main Author: Reis, Victor dos
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Centre d’Histoire et Théorie des Arts 2022
Subjects:
art
Online Access:http://journals.openedition.org/imagesrevues/11090
Description
Summary:In 1890, in Paris, a text entitled « Des formes extérieures du Cachalot » was published, signed by G. Pouchet and F.-A. Chaves and illustrated with three drawings and three photographs. These are advertised as “the first scientific photographs of the whale.” Through them it is finally possible to “fix the exterior features of this animal, as famous as poorly known” and therefore, as stated in the opening, ending a long era of inaccurate representations. The authors of the article are two reputed naturalists : Charles Henri Georges Pouchet (1833-1894), and the Azorean Francisco Afonso Chaves (1857-1926). Afonso Chaves is also a remarkable photographer whose work, mostly stereoscopic, remained unknown until recently. The aim of this paper is to analyse the photographs of Francisco Afonso Chaves and realize why they play a central role in the publication of 1890. As emphatically stressed by Georges Pouchet, they constitute the first scientific representations of a species hitherto poorly understood and poorly visually represented. But ultimately, what makes these photographs scientific ? And how does the visual and the visible mingle in these images ? En 1890, à Paris, a été publié un texte intitulé « Des formes extérieures du Cachalot », signé par G. Pouchet et F.-A. Chaves, illustré de trois dessins et de trois photographies. Celles-ci sont annoncées comme « les premières photographies scientifiques de la baleine ». Grâce à eux, il est enfin possible de « réparer les caractéristiques extérieures de cet animal, aussi connu que mal connu » et donc, comme indiqué dans l’ouverture, mettant fin à une longue ère de représentations inexactes. Les auteurs de l’article sont deux naturalistes réputés : Charles Henri Georges Pouchet (1833-1894) et l’Azorean Francisco Afonso Chaves (1857-1926). Ce dernier est également un photographe remarquable dont le travail, principalement stéréoscopique, est resté inconnu au cours des dernières décennies. Le but de cet article est d’analyser les photographies de Francisco Afonso ...