| Summary: | There are few data about the Finno‑Ugric peoples in the antique sources and sources from early Middle‑Ages. Information starts to be abundant from the 9th century on. Othtere, a Norwegian nobleman from Helgoland reported to the English kind Alfred the Great about a people called the “Byarmya” who lived in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula and probably spoke a Saami dialect. Around 1230, a Dominican monk called Julian travelled east looking for the people who were language relatives to the Hungarians. On the journey home he went through Mordvinian lands. Some years later, Franciscan friars, Plano Carpini and his companions, as well as Rubrouck, travelling towards the Mongol royal court, mentioned the Mordvinian. Siegmund Herberstein, a diplomat from the Habsburg court, mentions some Uralic peoples in his Rerum moscoviticarum commentarii. In the second half of the 16th century, English navigators bypassed Scandinavia, and in the Arctic Ocean had contacts with the Saami and the Nenets. They opened the way to other travellers: merchants converged from Dutch, German and Italian territories. Les sources historiques antiques et du haut Moyen Âge ne présentent que peu de données concernant les peuples finno‑ougriens. C’est à partir du ixe siècle que les informations se multiplient. C’est Othtere, un noble norvégien provenant de l’Helgoland, qui rendit compte au roi anglais Alfred le Grand de l’existence d’un peuple appelé « bjarmja » vivant au nord de la péninsule scandinave et parlant sans doute un dialecte du same. Dans les années 1230, le moine Julien, un dominicain, partit vers l’Est en quête des parents des Hongrois. Sur le chemin du retour il traversa le pays mordve. Quelques années plus tard, les franciscains en route pour la cour royale mongole (Plano Carpini et ses compagnons, Rubrouck) rapportèrent eux aussi l’existence des Mordves. Siegmund Herberstein, un diplomate habsbourgeois, dans l’ouvrage intitulé Rerum moscoviticarum commentarii, parle de certains peuples ouraliens. Dans la seconde moitié du ...
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