Thousand years of winter surface air temperature variations in Svalbard and northern Norway reconstructed from ice-core data

Two isotopic ice core records from western Svalbard are calibrated to reconstruct more than 1000 years of past winter surface air temperature variations in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, and Vardø, northern Norway. Analysis of the derived reconstructions suggests that the climate evolution of the last mill...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polar Research
Main Authors: Roderik S.W. van de Wal, Fred Godtliebsen, Veijo Pohjola, John Moore, Harro A.J. Meijer, Tonu Martma, Elisabeth Isaksson, Dmitry Divine
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Norwegian Polar Institute 2011
Subjects:
geo
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v30i0.7379
https://doaj.org/article/fe1a7a91c7964864901486702952aa16
Description
Summary:Two isotopic ice core records from western Svalbard are calibrated to reconstruct more than 1000 years of past winter surface air temperature variations in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, and Vardø, northern Norway. Analysis of the derived reconstructions suggests that the climate evolution of the last millennium in these study areas comprises three major sub-periods. The cooling stage in Svalbard (ca. 800–1800) is characterized by a progressive winter cooling of approximately 0.9 °C century−1 (0.3 °C century−1 for Vardø) and a lack of distinct signs of abrupt climate transitions. This makes it difficult to associate the onset of the Little Ice Age in Svalbard with any particular time period. During the 1800s, which according to our results was the coldest century in Svalbard, the winter cooling associated with the Little Ice Age was on the order of 4 °C (1.3 °C for Vardø) compared to the 1900s. The rapid warming that commenced at the beginning of the 20th century was accompanied by a parallel decline in sea-ice extent in the study area. However, both the reconstructed winter temperatures as well as indirect indicators of summer temperatures suggest the Medieval period before the 1200s was at least as warm as at the end of the 1990s in Svalbard.