| Summary: | The American eel is a fish with a complex life cycle. The eel occupy a wide species range from Greenland to the Caribbean, but all eels reproduce in the Sargasso Sea. After the reproduction, the larvea are advected randomly to the coast by ocean currents. Because of this reproduction mode, all the American Eel are in the same population. On the other hand, the range is extending from subarctic to subtropical regions and the eels occupying these different regions are facing really different environmental conditions. These differents conditions could result in the selection of different alleles. The objective of this study was to identify the different regions of the genome that are affected by this phenomenon of spatially-varying selection and which mecanisms are affected by selection. A total of 710 glass eels captured in 12 different sites representing an important part of the species range were sequenced to reach these objectives. After sequencing, 12 098 SNPs were conserved for further analysis. Using environmental association and redundancy analyses approaches, 183 of these markers were identified to be potentially under spatially-varying selection. The interaction between these differents regions was analyzed using additive polygenic scores. Significant correlations were identified between these polygenic scores and the latitude, longitude and temperature. Genes close to outliers were identified and gene ontology analyses were made. The only significantly enriched pathway was the insuline signalling pathway. With this study our understanding of the spatially-varying selection in the American Eel has been increased. L'anguille d'Amérique est un poisson avec un cycle de vie très particulier. En effet, elle occupe une aire de répartition qui s'étire du Groenland aux Caraïbes, mais tous les individus se reproduisent dans la mer des Sargasses. Après la reproduction, les larves sont dispersées de façon aléatoire jusqu'aux côtes. Ce lieu de reproduction unique fait en sorte que tous les individus de l'espèce ...
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